Japanese Elementary School Education
Japanese Elementary School Education
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日本小学教育
DOI：
10.1086/461682
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Stevenson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Stevenson
日本学生在国际比赛中的高成绩提高了人们对日本教育的兴趣。小学教育从日本历史上的江户时代开始，到第二次世界大战后的转变，其发展背后是一种对学习的敬畏。目前，中央政府在确定国家课程方面发挥着强大的作用，但在填写课程方面，个别学校仍有一定的自由度。课堂注册人数很大，但相应的是相对较轻的教学负担。教师在追求有效的教学过程中花费大量的时间相互交流。补充学校课程内容的是课外、非学术课程。整个日本学校系统所感受到的压力来自高考，但学生死记硬背和老师无聊讲课的刻板印象并不适合描述日本小学课堂的互动教学风格。日本“教育妈妈”提供的支持和合作对学校的成功运作至关重要，然而，她们往往对提供给孩子的教育质量持批评态度。
The high success of Japanese students in international competitions has heightened interest in Japanese education. Underlying the development of elementary school education from its origins in the Edo period in Japanese history through its transformation following World War II is a great reverence for learning. The central government currently plays a strong role in determining the national curriculum, but some latitude in filling out the curriculum still resides in the individual schools. Classroom enrollment is large, but compensation for this is a relatively light teaching load. Teachers spend a great deal of time in interaction with each other in the pursuit of effective teaching procedures. Supplementing the content of the school curriculum are after-school, nonacademic courses. Pressure felt throughout the Japanese school system comes from the college entrance examination, but the stereotype of rote learning by students and boring lectures by teachers is inappropriate in describing the interactive style of teaching characteristic of Japanese elementary school classrooms. Of critical importance for the successful operation of schools are the support and cooperation provided by the Japanese "educational mom," who, nevertheless, tends to be critical of the quality of education provided to her children.