How commuting affects subjective wellbeing
How commuting affects subjective wellbeing
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DOI：
10.1007/s11116-019-09983-9
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Davis, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Ben;Chatterjee, Kiron;Davis, Adrian
工人经常在家和工作之间通勤，通勤的任何福祉影响都会影响到很大一部分人口。本文分析了通勤（时间和方式）对主观幸福感（SWB）的多个方面的影响，包括：总体生活满意度、工作满意度、闲暇时间满意度和自我报告健康。应变和心理健康（GHQ-12）的措施也进行了检查。分析了来自理解社会的六波个人层面的面板数据（2009/10至2014/15），提供了超过26，000名生活在英格兰的工人的样本。通勤和主观幸福感之间的关联被确定，特别注意那些所产生的个人变化的通勤情况在六波。研究发现，较长的通勤时间与较低的工作和休闲时间满意度，增加压力和较差的心理健康。最强的协会被发现休闲时间的满意度。尽管这些负相关与主观幸福感子域，较长的通勤时间与较低的整体生活满意度（除了个人坚持他们在所有六个波）。英格兰的工人似乎成功地平衡了通勤的负面影响和更广泛的好处，例如获得就业、收入和住房。还审查了选定的人口亚组之间的差异。年轻人和低收入群体的工作满意度没有被发现与较长的通勤时间呈负相关;与男性相比，较长的通勤时间与女性的工作满意度呈更强的负相关。就交通方式而言，步行上班与休闲时间满意度的提高和压力的减少有关。通过在家工作而没有通勤，与工作满意度和休闲时间满意度的提高有关。总的来说，研究表明，较短的通勤时间和步行通勤有助于改善主观幸福感，特别是通过释放休闲时间。但是，只有在通勤的好处（收入和令人满意的住房/就业）不受影响的情况下，生活满意度才能得到维持。
Commuting between home and work is routinely performed by workers and any wellbeing impacts of commuting will consequently affect a large proportion of the population. This paper presents findings from analyses of the impact of commuting (time and mode) on multiple aspects of Subjective Well-Being (SWB), including: satisfaction with life overall and the SWB sub-domains of job satisfaction, satisfaction with leisure time availability and self-reported health. Measures of strain and mental health (GHQ-12) are also examined. Six waves of individual-level panel data from Understanding Society (2009/10 to 2014/15) are analysed, providing a sample of over 26,000 workers living in England. Associations between commuting and SWB are identified, paying particular attention to those arising from individual changes in commuting circumstances over the six waves. It is found that longer commute times are associated with lower job and leisure time satisfaction, increased strain and poorer mental health. The strongest association is found for leisure time satisfaction. Despite these negative associations with the SWB sub-domains, longer commute times were not associated with lower overall life satisfaction (except where individuals persisted with them over all six waves). Workers in England appear to be successful in balancing the negative aspects of commuting against the wider benefits, e.g. access to employment, earnings and housing. Differences amongst selected population sub-groups are also examined. The job satisfaction of younger adults and lower income groups are not found to be negatively associated with longer commute times; longer commute times are more strongly negatively associated with the job satisfaction of women compared to men. With respect to mode of transport, walking to work is associated with increased leisure time satisfaction and reduced strain. The absence of the commute, via working from home, is associated with increased job satisfaction and leisure time satisfaction. Overall, the study indicates that shorter commute times and walkable commutes can contribute to improved SWB-particularly through the release of leisure time. But life satisfaction overall will only be maintained if the benefits of undertaking the commute (earnings and satisfactory housing/employment) are not compromised.