Invasive Plants Rapidly Reshape Soil Properties in a Grassland Ecosystem.
Invasive Plants Rapidly Reshape Soil Properties in a Grassland Ecosystem.
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DOI：
10.1128/msystems.00178-16
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Gilbert JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gibbons SM;Lekberg Y;Mummey DL;Sangwan N;Ramsey PW;Gilbert JA
在这项研究中，我们展示了入侵植物物种如何推动土壤环境从周围的原生社区迅速转变。三种植物入侵者对土壤的影响各不相同，但一致。因此，对于植物入侵者如何改变草原土壤环境，似乎没有一个放之四海而皆准的策略。这项工作代表了理解入侵者如何能够通过改变土壤生物和非生物特性来防止或损害本地重建的关键一步。植物入侵往往会减少本地植物的多样性，增加净初级生产力。入侵土壤似乎与周围土壤不同的方式，阻碍恢复不同的本地植物群落。我们假设，入侵者介导的土壤性质的变化可重复地改变土壤微生物群落结构和功能。在这里，我们采取一个整体的方法，表征植物，原核生物和真菌群落和土壤的理化性质，在现场，入侵梯度，和实验区的三种入侵植物物种共存于落基山脉西部。每种入侵者对土壤理化性质都有独特的影响。我们发现，入侵驱动特定微生物类群丰度的变化，而整体地下社区结构和功能潜力是相当恒定的。Forb入侵者通常富含具有较高16S rRNA基因拷贝数的共生细菌，并表现出更大的微生物碳水化合物和氮代谢潜力。较老的入侵有较强的非生物土壤特性的影响，表明多年的演替。总体而言，我们表明，植物入侵对土壤的影响是特殊的，并直接负责在多年的时间尺度上驱动土壤环境的可重复变化。在这项研究中，我们展示了入侵植物物种如何推动土壤环境从周围的原生社区迅速转变。三种植物入侵者对土壤的影响各不相同，但一致。因此，对于植物入侵者如何改变草原土壤环境，似乎没有一个放之四海而皆准的策略。这项工作代表了理解入侵者如何能够通过改变土壤生物和非生物特性来防止或损害本地重建的关键一步。
In this study, we show how invasive plant species drive rapid shifts in the soil environment from surrounding native communities. Each of the three plant invaders had different but consistent effects on soils. Thus, there does not appear to be a one-size-fits-all strategy for how plant invaders alter grassland soil environments. This work represents a crucial step toward understanding how invaders might be able to prevent or impair native reestablishment by changing soil biotic and abiotic properties. Plant invasions often reduce native plant diversity and increase net primary productivity. Invaded soils appear to differ from surrounding soils in ways that impede restoration of diverse native plant communities. We hypothesize that invader-mediated shifts in edaphic properties reproducibly alter soil microbial community structure and function. Here, we take a holistic approach, characterizing plant, prokaryotic, and fungal communities and soil physicochemical properties in field sites, invasion gradients, and experimental plots for three invasive plant species that cooccur in the Rocky Mountain West. Each invader had a unique impact on soil physicochemical properties. We found that invasions drove shifts in the abundances of specific microbial taxa, while overall belowground community structure and functional potential were fairly constant. Forb invaders were generally enriched in copiotrophic bacteria with higher 16S rRNA gene copy numbers and showed greater microbial carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolic potential. Older invasions had stronger effects on abiotic soil properties, indicative of multiyear successions. Overall, we show that plant invasions are idiosyncratic in their impact on soils and are directly responsible for driving reproducible shifts in the soil environment over multiyear time scales. IMPORTANCE In this study, we show how invasive plant species drive rapid shifts in the soil environment from surrounding native communities. Each of the three plant invaders had different but consistent effects on soils. Thus, there does not appear to be a one-size-fits-all strategy for how plant invaders alter grassland soil environments. This work represents a crucial step toward understanding how invaders might be able to prevent or impair native reestablishment by changing soil biotic and abiotic properties.