QUALITATIVE METHODS IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE METHODS IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH
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DOI：
10.1108/9781786359551-016
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发表时间：
2003-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Clifton;S. Handy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Clifton;S. Handy
对旅行行为的研究在过去半个世纪中不断发展，对个人和家庭对日常旅行的选择产生了重要的见解。这些见解有助于开发日益复杂的模型，以预测出行行为，并预测交通系统变化带来的行为变化。然而，我们对旅行行为了解得越多，我们就越认识到我们不了解的东西有多少。当一个问题得到回答时，新的问题就会出现，我们对旅行行为复杂性的认识也会增加。定性方法，与定量方法结合使用，或单独作为定量方法的替代品，为帮助我们理解这些复杂性提供了一个强大的工具。定性方法，包括焦点小组，访谈和参与者-观察者技术，可以帮助填补定量技术留下的空白。依赖调查数据进行预测和决策的做法因其存在的一些缺点而受到抨击。第一，调查通常是在研究的问题已经明确界定，参与者的反应已经预料到的情况下使用的。调查工具确定了问题的框架，并限制了对这些问题的回答范围。正如Poulenez-Donovan和Ulberg（1994年）所指出的，“然而，调查的世界受到调查作者的观点和目标的限制。调查不仅限制了问题框架，而且也限制了答案框架，预测了重要的问题和问题以及答案”。这些调查方法不太适合探索性的研究领域，这些领域的问题仍然没有得到确认，研究人员试图回答“为什么？”
The study of travel behaviour, as it has evolved over the past half-century, has yielded critical insights into the choices that individuals and households make about their daily travel. These insights have contributed to the development of increasingly sophisticated models to forecast travel behaviour and predict changes in behaviour in response to changes in the transport system. Yet the more we understand about travel behaviour, the more we recognise how much there is that we do not understand. As one question is answered, new questions emerge, and our appreciation of the complexity of travel behaviour grows. Qualitative methods, used in conjunction with quantitative approaches or on their own as an alternative to quantitative approaches, offer a powerful tool for helping us understand those complexities.Qualitative methods, including focus groups, interviews, and participant-observer techniques, can help fill the gaps left by quantitative techniques. The reliance on survey data for forecasting and decision making has come under fire for a number of shortcomings. First, surveys are often used in circumstances when the issues under study are clearly defined and participant responses are anticipated. The survey instruments frame the questions and limit the range of answers to those questions. As Poulenez-Donovan and Ulberg (1994) argue,“The world of the survey, however, is bounded by the perspectives and goals of the survey writers. The survey restricts not only the question frame but the answer frame as well, anticipating the important issues and questions and the responses”. These survey methods are not well suited to exploratory areas of research where issues remain unidentified and the researchers seek to answer the question “why?”