TET family proteins: oxidation activity, interacting molecules, and functions in diseases.
TET family proteins: oxidation activity, interacting molecules, and functions in diseases.
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DOI：
10.1021/cr500470n
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发表时间：
2015-03-25
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
He C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lu X;Zhao BS;He C
DNA修饰是高等真核生物系统中研究最广泛的表观遗传修饰之一。修饰的DNA碱基影响基因调控，超出初级DNA序列，并影响广泛的不同生物途径。虽然这些表观遗传DNA修饰通常不会改变初级序列的编码，但修饰后的官能团可以编码另一层可遗传信息，而不会影响碱基配对界面。这些DNA修饰的可逆安装和移除提供了进一步的基因表达的动态调节。5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC)是真核生物中最主要的DNA修饰形式，长期以来被认为是哺乳动物基因组DNA中的第五个碱基。1.对这个改装后的基地的安装进行了充分的研究。2、3以S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)为常见的亲电甲基化来源，DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT)4可将甲基固定在胞嘧啶碱基的C-5位(图1)。5mC碱基主要位于CpG二核苷酸上，并可在DNA复制过程中被DNMT1保持(DNMT1将在
DNA modification is one of the most widely studied epigenetic modifications in high eukaryotic systems. Modified DNA bases impact gene regulation beyond the primary DNA sequence and affect a broad range of different biological pathways. While these epigenetic DNA modifications typically do not alter the coding of the primary sequence, the modified functional groups can encode another layer of inheritable information without affecting the base-pairing interface. The reversible installation and removal of these DNA modifications afford further dynamic regulation of gene expression. 5-Methylcytosine (5mC), the predominant DNA modification in eukaryotes, has long been accepted as the “fifth base” in mammalian genomic DNA. 1 The installation of this modified base has been well-studied. 2, 3 Using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a common electrophilic methylation source, the methyl group can be installed onto the C-5 position of the cytosine base by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 4 (Figure 1). The 5mC base is mainly located at the CpG dinucleotides and could be maintained by DNMT1 during DNA replication (DNMT1 converts hemimethylated CpG generated after