Shadowing software and clinical records: On the ethnography of non-humans and heterogeneous contexts
Shadowing software and clinical records: On the ethnography of non-humans and heterogeneous contexts
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DOI：
10.1177/1350508405051272
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Bruni, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruni, A
近年来，社会学对物体和非人类行为者在日常生活中所扮演的角色越来越感兴趣。无论是机器、信息技术、艺术品、商品还是建筑，今天的物体都提出了复杂性和争议性的问题（Pels等人，2002年）。从行动者网络理论中借用人类和非人类积极参与社会世界的形成的观点，已经有人呼吁建立一个后社会世界和一个以对象为中心的社会性（Knorr-Cetina，1997）。但如何观察非人类？社会学家习惯于用社会建构主义的方法来研究科学社会学，或者用行动者网络来分析工具和创新;然而，从方法论上讲，关于如何在方法论上进行的想法似乎并没有得到很好的解决。在一家最近引进了数字化临床记录系统的医院进行的为期四个月的人种志研究的基础上，讨论了阴影非人类的方法学方面。特别是采用星星关于"基础设施人种志“的见解（星星，1999年），1集中于如何说明以多种和非同质行为者和做法为特征的背景，以及这种观点对组织分析的影响。
Recent years have seen growing sociological interest in the role that objects and non-human actors perform in everyday life. Whether as machines, information technologies, artworks, commodities or architectures, objects today raise issues of complexity and controversy (Pels et al., 2002). Borrowing from actornetwork theory the idea that humans and nonhumans are actively involved in the making of social worlds, there are already those who call for a post-social world and an object-centred sociality (Knorr-Cetina, 1997). But how can non-humans be observed? Sociologists are accustomed to socio-constructionist approaches to the sociology of science, or to analyses of tools and innovations couched in terms of networks of actants; methodologically, however, it seems that ideas about how to proceed methodologically are not very well worked out. On the basis of a four-month ethnography conducted in a hospital that has recently introduced a digital clinical records system, 1 discuss the methodological aspects of shadowing non-humans. In particular, adopting Star's insight of an `ethnography of the infrastructure' (Star, 1999), 1 concentrate on how to account for contexts characterized by multiple and non-homogeneous actors and practices and on the implications of such a perspective for organizational analysis.