Historical threshold temperatures for Phoenix (urban) and Gila Bend (desert), central Arizona, USA
Historical threshold temperatures for Phoenix (urban) and Gila Bend (desert), central Arizona, USA
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美国亚利桑那州中部菲尼克斯（城市）和希拉本德（沙漠）的历史阈值温度
DOI：
10.3354/cr01130
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
A. Brazel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darren M. Ruddell;D. Hoffman;O. Ahmad;A. Brazel
在美国西南部沙漠和亚利桑那州中部的气候中，经历了几个至关重要的温度阈值。这些门槛对社会制度构成了重大和日益增加的挑战。利用Phoenix和Gila Bend地区气象站1900 ~ 2007年的地表气温记录，研究了3个温度阈值：(1)霜冻日（最低温度< 0°C）；(2)苦难日（最高温度≥43.3℃）；(3)热浪的局部特征。除了考虑与这些变化相关的人类影响外，我们还调查了历史上的气候模式。分析还综合了厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）和太平洋年代际涛动（PDO）的多年代际模态。本研究的主要发现是：(1)凤凰站（明显变暖）和吉拉本德站（温和变暖）温度阈值之间的变暖趋势不均匀；(2) ENSO和PDO与霜冻和霜冻日之间存在脱节，表明温度阈值与历史大气过程之间存在人为干扰；(3) ENSO和PDO调节对年霜冻和霜冻日数的变化效应；(4)城市化抑制全球气候系统（ENSO、PDO）局部效应的证据；(5)阈值温度的变化可能对许多地方环境、经济和社会系统产生重大而广泛的不利影响。
Several critically important temperature thresholds are experienced in the climate of the desert southwest USA and in central Arizona. These thresholds present significant and increasing challenges to social systems. Utilizing daily surface air temperature records from Phoenix and Gila Bend regional weather stations from 1900−2007, we examined 3 temperature thresholds: (1) frost days (minimum temperature < 0°C); (2) misery days (maximum temperature ≥43.3°C); and (3) local characteristics of heat waves. We investigated historic climate patterns in addition to considering the human implications associated with these changes. Analyses also inte- grated multidecadal modes of the El Nino−Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Key findings of this study were (1) uneven warming trends among temperature thresholds between the Phoenix (pronounced warming) and Gila Bend (modest warming) weather stations; (2) disjointed associations between ENSO and PDO with frost and misery days, signaling anthropogenic interference between temperature thresholds and historic atmospheric processes; (3) variable effects of ENSO and PDO modulations on annual frost and misery days; (4) evidence of urbanization suppressing local effects of global climate systems (i.e. ENSO, PDO); and (5) potentially significant and widespread adverse impacts on many local environmental, eco- nomic, and social systems as a result of changes in threshold temperatures.