Evaluation of coupled regional climate models in representing the local biophysical effects of afforestation over continental China
Evaluation of coupled regional climate models in representing the local biophysical effects of afforestation over continental China
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耦合区域气候模式对中国大陆造林局部生物物理效应的评价
DOI：
10.1175/jcli-d-21-0462.1
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Jun Ge;Bo Qiu;B. Chu;Duzitian Li;Lingling Jiang;Weidan Zhou;Jianping Tang;Weidong Guo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jun Ge;Bo Qiu;B. Chu;Duzitian Li;Lingling Jiang;Weidan Zhou;Jianping Tang;Weidong Guo
区域气候模式已被广泛用于审查造林的生物物理效应，但它们在这方面的表现很少得到评价。为了填补这一知识空白，提出了一种基于“空间换时间”策略的评价方法。使用这种方法，我们验证了三个区域模式，区域气候模式（RegCM），天气研究与预报（WRF）模式和WRF模式运行在对流允许的分辨率（WRF-CP），在代表当地的生物物理效应造林中国大陆对卫星观测。结果表明，WRF和WRF-CP不能准确地描述造林引起的地表生物物理性质的变化，如植被指数或叶面积指数。第二，所有的模式表现出不良的模拟造林引起的潜热和感热通量的变化。特别是，观察到的夏季潜热增加，由于植树造林是大大低估了所有模型。第三，模型基本合理地反映了造林对温度的生物物理影响。模拟结果较好地再现了夏季地表日平均温度和2米层温度的变冷过程。然而，驱动冷却效果的机制可能不适当地由模型表示。此外，模型表现相对较差的代表日最低地表温度造林的响应。这突出表明，在采用模型进行造林试验之前，有必要评估模型对生物物理效应的代表性。这项研究作为一个试验台，验证区域模式在这方面的性能。
Regional climate models have been widely used to examine the biophysical effects of afforestation, but their performances in this respect have rarely been evaluated. To fill this knowledge gap, an evaluation method based on the “space for time” strategy is proposed here. Using this method, we validate the performances of three regional models, the Regional Climate Model (RegCM), Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the WRF model run at a convection-permitting resolution (WRF-CP), in representing the local biophysical effects of afforestation over continental China against satellite observations. The results show that WRF and WRF-CP can not accurately describe afforestation-induced changes in surface biophysical properties, e.g. albedo or leaf area index. Second, all models exhibit poor simulations of afforestation-induced changes in latent and sensible heat fluxes. In particular, the observed increase in the summer latent heat due to afforestation is substantially underestimated by all models. Third, the models are basically reasonable in representing the biophysical impact of afforestation on temperature. The cooling of the daily mean surface temperature and 2-meter temperature in summer are reproduced well. Nevertheless, the mechanism driving the cooling effect may be improperly represented by the models. Moreover, the models perform relatively poorly in representing the response of the daily minimum surface temperature to afforestation. This highlights the necessity of evaluating the representation of the biophysical effects by a model before the model is employed to carry out afforestation experiments. This study serves as a test bed for validating regional model performance in this respect.