Experimental vesicular stomatitis virus infection in horses: Effect of route of inoculation and virus serotype
Experimental vesicular stomatitis virus infection in horses: Effect of route of inoculation and virus serotype
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DOI：
10.1354/vp.43-6-943
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Stallknecht, D. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howerth, E. W.;Mead, D. G.;Stallknecht, D. E.
通过模拟接触和媒介传播的途径，对马接种水泡性口炎新泽西和印第安纳州病毒。监测临床体征、病变、抗体产生、病毒脱落和持续存在以及病毒血症。经血清转化证实，马通过所有途径感染了两种病毒。流涎、接种部位原发性病变和继发性口腔病变是最常见的临床结果。病毒最常从口腔脱落，其次是鼻腔;口腔样本的滴度最高。病毒很少从结膜囊中分离出来，从未从粪便或血液中分离出来。中和抗体的产生与病变停止发展和通过分离检测到病毒相一致。根据接种途径，大多数动物在接种后（PI）第6 - 12天出现循环病毒特异性IgM、IgG、伊加和中和抗体。在死后（PI第12至15天），病变愈合，没有水泡，并不包含可检测到的病毒分离，逆转录聚合酶链反应，或免疫组化。大量浸润的淋巴细胞和浆细胞表明病变消退部分是由于局部免疫。尸检时从扁桃体和头部淋巴结中检测到的病毒RNA表明，这些组织在疾病的发病机制中发挥作用;针对这些组织的分子技术可能有助于在疾病的各个阶段确认感染。本研究中使用的接种途径反映了爆发期间可能发生的传播途径的多样性，可用于进一步研究接触和媒介传播、疫苗开发以及阐明马中疾病的发病机制。
Horses were inoculated with Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey and Indiana viruses by routes simulating contact and vector transmission. Clinical signs, lesions, antibody development, viral shedding and persistence, and viremia were monitored. Horses were infected with both viruses by all routes as confirmed by seroconversion. Salivation, primary lesions at inoculation sites, and secondary oral lesions were the most common clinical findings. Viral shedding was most often from the oral cavity, followed by the nasal cavity; titers were highest from oral cavity samples. Virus was rarely isolated from the conjunctival sac and never from feces or blood. Development of neutralizing antibody coincided with cessation of lesion development and detection of virus by isolation. Circulating virus-specific IgM, IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies developed in most animals postinoculation (PI) days 6 to 12, depending on the route of inoculation. At postmortem (PI days 12 to 15), lesions were healing, were not vesicular, and did not contain detectable virus by isolation, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, or immunohistochemistry. Numerous infiltrating lymphocytes and plasma cells suggested that lesion resolution was partially due to local immunity. Detection of viral RNA from tonsil and lymph nodes of head at necropsy suggests that these tissues play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease; molecular techniques targeting these tissues may be useful for confirming infection in resolving stages of disease. The routes of inoculation used in this study reflect the diversity of transmission routes that may occur during outbreaks and can be used to further study contact and vector transmission, vaccine development, and clarify pathogenesis of the disease in horses.