Determination of relatedness between individuals using DNA fingerprinting.
Determination of relatedness between individuals using DNA fingerprinting.
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发表时间：
1993-12
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通讯作者：
Ranajit Chakraborty;Li Jin
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作者：
Ranajit Chakraborty;Li Jin
个体之间的相关性是人类学研究背景下遗传流行病学和进化研究的重要组成部分。一般来说，个人之间关系的数据是通过个人访谈或对重要记录的检查来收集的。当收集血液样本时，可以根据个体的基因型相似性来验证此类信息。尽管基因型数据可能提供排除某些类型关系的机会，但包含性陈述本质上必然只是概率性的。这种概率陈述的局限性取决于分离等位基因的数量和所用基因座的多态性程度。随着 DNA 技术的出现，多种高变单基因座探针 (SLP) 和多基因座探针 (MLP) 现在可用于许多生物体。这些可用于规避根据基因型数据明确分配关系的限制。在本文中，我们描述了此类调查的分析原则。特别是，我们提出了 DNA 指纹数据的汇总测量（例如，不同等位基因的数量和共享等位基因的数量），可用于描述个体之间的亲属关系。我们得出个体等位基因数量的预期分布以及群体中已知关系的个体之间共享等位基因数量的预期分布。这些分布可用于假设检验以确定个体之间的相关性。我们还推导了 SLP 的数量，每个 SLP 都检测超变多态性，需要为给定的预测误差范围确定指定的关系。用几个短串联重复基因座和可变数量串联重复（VNTR）基因座的数据来说明该理论表明，通过 6 至 12 个 SLP，可以将亲代-后代对与随机个体对区分开来。该理论还可以用于检测自然种群中的近交水平。
Relatedness between individuals is an important element of genetic-epidemiological and evolutionary investigations in the context of anthropological research. In general, data on relationships between individuals are gathered from personal interviews or from examination of vital records. When blood samples are collected, such information can be validated from genotypic similarities of individuals. Although genotype data may offer opportunities to exclude certain types of relationships, inclusionary statements are necessarily only probabilistic in nature. The limitations of such probabilistic statements depend on the number of segregating alleles and the extent of polymorphisms at the loci employed. With the advent of DNA technology, several hypervariable single-locus probes (SLPs) and multilocus probes (MLPs) are now available for many organisms. These can be used to circumvent limitations of unequivocal assignment of relationships from genotype data. In this article we describe analytical principles for such investigations. In particular, we propose summary measures of DNA fingerprinting data (e.g., number of different alleles and number of shared alleles) that can be used to describe kinship relationships between individuals. We derive the expected distributions of number of alleles in individuals and of number of shared alleles between individuals of known relationships in a population. These distributions can be used in hypothesis testing to determine relatedness between individuals. We also derive the number of SLPs, each detecting a hypervariable polymorphism, needed to determine a specified relationship for given ranges of errors of prediction. Illustrations of the theory with data on several short tandem repeat loci and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci indicate that with 6 to 12 SLPs the parent-offspring pairs can be reliably distinguished from random pairs of individuals. This theory also serves the purpose of detecting inbreeding levels in a natural population.