Co-processing of raw and washed air pollution control residues from energy-from-waste facilities in the cement kiln
Co-processing of raw and washed air pollution control residues from energy-from-waste facilities in the cement kiln
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119924
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Wei, Jiangxiong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bogush, Anna A.;Stegemann, Julia A.;Wei, Jiangxiong
将工业废物作为水泥制造中的替代原料进行共处理是工业共生提高材料资源效率的一个例子。由于共处理将废物中的杂质引入水泥窑，例如城市固体废物燃烧产生的空气污染控制残留物，因此需要更好地了解它们对环境的影响以及对水泥生产和质量的影响。在硅酸盐水泥熟料中加入5~35%生料或5~34%洗涤APCR，可形成各种典型矿物，但对熟化反应有影响，增加了2CaO中心点SiO_2，降低了3CaO中心点SiO_2和3CaO中心点Al_2O_3。粗APC影响2CaO中心点SiO_2和3CaO中心点SiO_2颗粒的形状，用35%APCR制得的熟料水泥浆体28d强度可以忽略不计。APCR值较低的熟料和洗涤APCR值的熟料在7d时强度低于对照，28d时强度与对照相近(接近90 Mpa)，6m时强度较高(最高可达120 Mpa)，与其2CaO中心点和3CaO中心点SiO_2含量一致。因此，APCR中矿物的利用与水泥质量之间存在着权衡。洗涤减少了S、氯、铅的挥发，完全消除了锌的挥发。锌主要存在于熟料的间隙相中，以固溶体形式存在于4CaO中心点Al_2O_3、中心点Fe_2O_3或3CaO中心点Al_2O_3中。需要进一步的研究，以确定当这些相与水反应时，锌和其他结合元素是否会从水泥浆体中释放出来。APCR共处理可以通过避免CaCO3分解来减少二氧化碳排放，但这是一个不确定的好处，可能会被APCR碱、氯、S和金属对水泥生产和质量的不利影响所抵消。与清洗相关的生命周期环境影响，以及通过建筑材料在建筑环境中扩散污染物，是另一个令人担忧的问题。(C)2020年由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。
Co-processing of industrial wastes as alternative raw materials in cement manufacture is an example of industrial symbiosis for improved material resource efficiency. Since co-processing introduces impurities from wastes, such as air pollution control residue (APCR) from municipal solid waste combustion, into the cement kiln, a better understanding of their environmental impacts and effects on cement manufacturing and quality is needed. Portland cement clinkers containing 5-35% raw or 5-34% washed APCR were prepared, with formation of all typical minerals, but with effects on clinkering reactions, and increased 2CaO center dot SiO2 and decreased 3CaO center dot SiO2 and 3CaO center dot Al2O3. Raw APCR affected the shape of the 2CaO center dot SiO2 and 3CaO center dot SiO2 grains, and cement paste from clinker made with 35% APCR exhibited negligible 28d strength. Pastes from the clinkers with lower contents of APCR or washed APCR had strengths that were lower than that of the control at 7d, similar at 28d (similar to 90 MPa) and higher at 6 m (up to 120 MPa), consistent with their 2CaO center dot SiO2 and 3CaO center dot SiO2 contents. Utilization of minerals in APCR thus comes with a trade-off against cement quality. Volatilisation of S, Cl, Pb was reduced by washing, which fully eliminated volatilisation of Zn. Zn was found mainly in the interstitial phases of the clinker, in solid solution in 4CaO center dot Al2O3 center dot Fe2O3 or 3CaO center dot Al2O3. Further investigation is required to determine whether Zn and other incorporated elements may be released from the cement paste when these phases react with water. APCR co-processing may reduce CO2 emissions by avoiding CaCO3 decomposition, but this is an uncertain benefit, which may be outweighed by the detrimental effects of APCR alkalis, Cl, S and metals on cement production and quality. Life cycle environmental impacts associated with washing, and dispersal of contaminants in the built environment through construction materials, are additional concerns. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.