Land claim and loss of tidal flats in the Yangtze Estuary.
Land claim and loss of tidal flats in the Yangtze Estuary.
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长江口土地所有权和滩涂丧失
DOI：
10.1038/srep24018
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ma Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Y;Dong J;Xiao X;Zhang M;Tian B;Zhou Y;Li B;Ma Z
滩涂在支持生物多样性和提供生态系统服务方面发挥着关键作用，但由于人类活动，滩涂正在迅速消失。长江口是世界上最大的冲积河口之一，毗邻中国最发达的经济区。以长江口为研究区域，开发了一种基于陆地表水指数和归一化植被指数的潮滩面积自动估算算法。在过去的30年里，长江口滩涂总面积减少了36%，其中盐沼减少了38%，荒滩减少了31%。与此同时，土地申索已累积到1077 平方公里，超过了剩余潮滩的面积。我们将长江口划分为上海和江苏两个区域，这两个区域在河流泥沙供应和滩涂管理模式上存在差异。虽然这两个地区的土地要求都有所加快，但江苏滩涂面积的下降幅度比上海大得多，因为后者泥沙供应充足，而且人工淤积。研究结果突出表明，需要根据潮滩动态更好地进行沿海规划和管理。
Tidal flats play a critical role in supporting biodiversity and in providing ecosystem services but are rapidly disappearing because of human activities. The Yangtze Estuary is one of the world’s largest alluvial estuaries and is adjacent to the most developed economic zone in China. Using the Yangtze Estuary as a study region, we developed an automatic algorithm to estimate tidal flat areas based on the Land Surface Water Index and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. The total area of tidal flats in the Yangtze Estuary has decreased by 36% over the past three decades, including a 38% reduction in saltmarshes and a 31% reduction in barren mudflats. Meanwhile, land claim has accumulated to 1077 km2, a value that exceeds the area of the remaining tidal flats. We divided the Yangtze Estuary into Shanghai and Jiangsu areas, which differ in riverine sediment supply and tidal flat management patterns. Although land claim has accelerated in both areas, the decline in tidal flat area has been much greater in Jiangsu than in Shanghai because of abundant supplies of sediment and artificial siltation in the latter area. The results highlight the need for better coastal planning and management based on tidal flat dynamics.