EFFECT OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE ON MAIZE YIELD IN THE SEMI-ARID AREAS OF ZIMBABWE
EFFECT OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE ON MAIZE YIELD IN THE SEMI-ARID AREAS OF ZIMBABWE
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津巴布韦半干旱地区保护性农业对玉米产量的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
S. Twomlow
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Nyamangara;K. Nyengerai;E. Masvaya;R. Tirivavi;N. Mashingaidze;W. Mupangwa;J. Dimes;L. Hove;S. Twomlow
在全球范围内，据报告，一系列农艺因素对保护性农业的绩效产生影响，并往往决定其相对于常规农业的绩效。为了评估津巴布韦的这一表现，国际半干旱热带作物研究所于2004年至2010年在津巴布韦南部的半干旱地区进行了48次保护性耕作试验，通过元分析方法计算加权平均差异。两个保护性耕作措施，种植盆地（盆地）和松土器耕作（开膛手），与CONV进行了比较。据推测，CA结果提高产量相比，CONV和CA的做法对产量的影响是受土壤类型，降雨量和分布和选定的管理措施，其中包括无机肥和粪肥和覆盖率。在59%的实验中，盆上级CONV，总体效果显著（p < 0.001）。Ripper的影响不显著。假设，CA的做法，提高玉米籽粒产量超过CONV的结果是接受盆地。在桑迪土壤上进行的实验中，Basins和Ripper的WMD分别为0.365 t ha−1和0.184 t ha−1，两种情况下均具有显著性（p < 0.05）。对于粘土，只有盆地的WMD是显着的。较高降雨量（500-830 mm）导致Basins（0.095 t ha−1）和Ripper（0.105 t ha−1）的WMD较低，而在较低降雨量（320-500 mm）下，Basins为0.151 t ha−1，Ripper为0.110 t ha−1。在较高降雨条件下，流域的总体影响不显著。当降雨量分布均匀时，盆地的产量表现更好;开膛手则相反。施用10-30 kg ha−1的N（微剂量范围）导致盆地的WMD高于零N施用。不施氮肥时，流域的WMD不显著。在盆地中不施用粪肥时，WMD为0.043 t ha−1，而施用粪肥时为0.159 t ha−1。覆盖物的应用降低了44%的流域WMD和89%的开膛手。土壤类型、降雨量和降雨分布、无机肥和有机肥施用量是影响CA产量的主要因素。
SUMMARY Globally, a range of agronomic factors have been reported to have an impact on the performance of conservation agriculture (CA) and often determine its performance in relation to conventional agriculture (CONV). To assess this performance in Zimbabwe, 48 CA experiments were conducted by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics in the semi-arid areas of southern Zimbabwe from 2004 to 2010, to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) through meta-analytical methods. The two CA practices, planting basins (Basins) and ripper tillage (Ripper), were compared with CONV. It was hypothesised that CA results improved yield compared with CONV and that the effect of CA practices on yield is affected by soil type, rainfall amount and distribution and selected management practices, which included rates of inorganic fertilisers and manures and mulching. Basins were superior to CONV in 59% of the experiments and the overall effect was significant (p < 0.001). The effect of Ripper was non-significant. The hypothesis that CA practices result in improved maize grain yield over CONV was accepted for Basins. The WMD for experiments conducted on sandy soils was 0.365 t ha−1 for Basins and 0.184 t ha−1 for Ripper, and in both cases was significant (p < 0.05). For clay soils, only the WMD for Basins was significant. A higher rainfall regime (500–830 mm) resulted in a lower WMD for Basins (0.095 t ha−1) and Ripper (0.105 t ha−1) compared with 0.151 t ha−1 for Basins and 0.110 t ha−1 for Ripper under lower rainfall (320–500 mm). The overall effect of Basins under the higher rainfall regime was not significant. There was better yield performance for Basins when the rainfall was well distributed; the reverse was noted for the Ripper. The application of 10–30 kg ha−1 of N (micro-dose range) resulted in a higher WMD for Basins than zero N application. Without N application, the WMD of Basins was not significant. For zero manure application in Basins, the WMD was 0.043 t ha−1 compared with 0.159 t ha−1 when manure was applied. The application of mulch depressed the WMD in Basins by 44% and Ripper by 89%. The hypothesis that yield performance under CA is influenced by soil type, rainfall amount and distribution, inorganic fertiliser and manure application was accepted.