Sensitivity and Attachment: A Meta‐Analysis on Parental Antecedents of Infant Attachment
Sensitivity and Attachment: A Meta‐Analysis on Parental Antecedents of Infant Attachment
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04218.x
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发表时间：
1997-08
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
M. Wolff;Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Wolff;Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
这项元分析纳入了66项关于依恋安全性的父母前提因素的研究（样本量N = 4176）。所探讨的问题是母亲的敏感性是否与婴儿的依恋安全性相关，以及这种关系的强度如何。研究假设，与安斯沃思的巴尔的摩研究（安斯沃思、布莱哈尔、沃特斯和沃尔，1978年）更为相似的研究，相较于偏离这一开创性研究的研究，会显示出更强的关联性。为了创建概念上同质的研究组，专家们将这些研究按照育儿的相似结构和测量方法分为9组。针对每个领域都进行了一项元分析，以描述集中趋势、变异性以及相关的调节因素。在对衰减进行校正之后，在非临床样本中使用陌生情境程序以及之前或同时进行观察性敏感性测量的21项研究（样本量N = 1099）显示出综合效应量r(1097) = 0.24。按照科恩（1988年）的常规标准，这种关联性为中等强度。结论是，在正常环境中，敏感性是依恋安全性的一个重要但非唯一的条件。育儿的其他几个维度也被确定为起着同等重要的作用。在依恋理论中，需要转向情境层面，以便在不太稳定且压力更大的环境中解释情境与敏感性之间的复杂交互作用，并更多地关注非共享环境的影响。
This meta-analysis included 66 studies (N = 4,176) on parental antecedents of attachment security. The question addressed was whether maternal sensitivity is associated with infant attachment security, and what the strength of this relation is. It was hypothesized that studies more similar to Ainsworth's Baltimore study (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978) would show stronger associations than studies diverging from this pioneering study. To create conceptually homogeneous sets of studies, experts divided the studies into 9 groups with similar constructs and measures of parenting. For each domain, a meta-analysis was performed to describe the central tendency, variability, and relevant moderators. After correction for attenuation, the 21 studies (N = 1,099) in which the Strange Situation procedure in nonclinical samples was used, as well as preceding or concurrent observational sensitivity measures, showed a combined effect size of r(1,097) = .24. According to Cohen's (1988) conventional criteria, the association is moderately strong. It is concluded that in normal settings sensitivity is an important but not exclusive condition of attachment security. Several other dimensions of parenting are identified as playing an equally important role. In attachment theory, a move to the contextual level is required to interpret the complex transactions between context and sensitivity in less stable and more stressful settings, and to pay more attention to nonshared environmental influences.