Impacts of climate change on species, populations and communities: palaeobiogeographical insights and frontiers
Impacts of climate change on species, populations and communities: palaeobiogeographical insights and frontiers
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0309133308094081
复制
发表时间：
2008-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. MacDonald;K. Bennett;S. T. Jackson;L. Parducci;F. Smith;J. Smol;K. Willis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. MacDonald;K. Bennett;S. T. Jackson;L. Parducci;F. Smith;J. Smol;K. Willis
了解气候变化及其对物种、种群和社区的潜在影响是21世纪世纪保护规划中最紧迫的问题之一。研究新生代化石记录和其他证据的古生物地理学家正在对气候的动态性质以及物种、种群和群落的同样动态反应产生重要的见解。气候变化的长度从几千年到几十年不等，贯穿于第四纪和新生代早期的古记录，已显示其影响范围从个别物种的遗传结构和形态、种群规模和分布、群落组成的变化到大规模生物多样性梯度。气候变化对地理的影响可能直接归因于温度和湿度的变化对物种的影响，也可能是由于干扰机制等因素的变化而产生的。最近在将古生物地理学应用于气候变化及其影响问题方面取得的进展，大部分可归因于沿着一些仍在发展的方法学前沿取得的进展。这些包括：年代分辨率越来越高，大气-生物圈模型更加精细，重建过去物种分布和过去气候的新生物和化学技术，发展大型和易于获取的地理和气候信息地理参照数据库，化石形态分析的新方法和新的分子DNA技术。
Understanding climate change and its potential impact on species, populations and communities is one of the most pressing questions of twenty-first-century conservation planning. Palaeobiogeographers working on Cenozoic fossil records and other lines of evidence are producing important insights into the dynamic nature of climate and the equally dynamic response of species, populations and communities. Climatic variations ranging in length from multimillennia to decades run throughout the palaeo-records of the Quaternary and earlier Cenozoic and have been shown to have had impacts ranging from changes in the genetic structure and morphology of individual species, population sizes and distributions, community composition to large-scale bio-diversity gradients. The biogeographical impacts of climate change may be due directly to the effects of alterations in temperature and moisture on species, or they may arise due to changes in factors such as disturbance regimes. Much of the recent progress in the application of palaeobiogegraphy to issues of climate change and its impacts can be attributed to developments along a number of still advancing methodological frontiers. These include increasingly finely resolved chronological resolution, more refined atmosphere-biosphere modelling, new biological and chemical techniques in reconstructing past species distributions and past climates, the development of large and readily accessible geo-referenced databases of biogeographical and climatic information, and new approaches in fossil morphological analysis and new molecular DNA techniques.