Cell surface dynamics - how Rho GTPases orchestrate the interplay between the plasma membrane and the cortical cytoskeleton
Cell surface dynamics - how Rho GTPases orchestrate the interplay between the plasma membrane and the cortical cytoskeleton
复制标题
DOI：
10.1242/jcs.108266
复制
发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Meldolesi, Jacopo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Curtis, Ivan;Meldolesi, Jacopo
已知小的gtpase可以调节数百种细胞功能。特别是，Rho家族gtpase是细胞骨架的主要调节因子。通过调节肌动蛋白成核复合物，Rho gtpase控制细胞形状的变化，包括表面突起和内陷的延伸和/或收缩。质膜的凸出和内陷也涉及到质膜和皮质细胞骨架之间的相互作用。膜和细胞骨架之间的相互作用可分别导致膜室的融合（胞外作用）或内化（内吞作用）导致质膜表面积和张力的增加或减少。长期以来，细胞骨架动力学和质膜动力学是分开研究的。然而，许多实验室的研究表明，在细胞表面的动态重塑过程中，Rho gtpase及其对细胞骨架的调节和膜交通密切相关。特异性囊泡的Arf和rab依赖性胞吐有助于Rho gtpase及其调控因子靶向质膜的离散位点。Rho gtpase调节胞外囊泡的束缚并调节其随后的融合。它们在不同形式的内吞作用中也起着至关重要的作用，它们参与膜结构域的分选以及膜瓶和膜杯的雕刻和密封。在这里，我们讨论了细胞表面动力学如何依赖于Rho gtp酶对细胞骨架和质膜的协调。
Small GTPases are known to regulate hundreds of cell functions. In particular, Rho family GTPases are master regulators of the cytoskeleton. By regulating actin nucleation complexes, Rho GTPases control changes in cell shape, including the extension and/or retraction of surface protrusions and invaginations. Protrusion and invagination of the plasma membrane also involves the interaction between the plasma membrane and the cortical cytoskeleton. This interplay between membranes and the cytoskeleton can lead to an increase or decrease in the plasma membrane surface area and its tension as a result of the fusion (exocytosis) or internalization (endocytosis) of membranous compartments, respectively. For a long time, the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane dynamics were investigated separately. However, studies from many laboratories have now revealed that Rho GTPases, their modulation of the cytoskeleton, and membrane traffic are closely connected during the dynamic remodeling of the cell surface. Arf- and Rab-dependent exocytosis of specific vesicles contributes to the targeting of Rho GTPases and their regulatory factors to discrete sites of the plasma membrane. Rho GTPases regulate the tethering of exocytic vesicles and modulate their subsequent fusion. They also have crucial roles in the different forms of endocytosis, where they participate in the sorting of membrane domains as well as the sculpting and sealing of membrane flasks and cups. Here, we discuss how cell surface dynamics depend on the orchestration of the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane by Rho GTPases.