Ecological footprint and vulnerability of marine capture fisheries in China
Ecological footprint and vulnerability of marine capture fisheries in China
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DOI：
10.1007/s13131-019-1468-y
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发表时间：
2020-04
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Q. Ding;X. Shan;Xian-shi Jin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Q. Ding;X. Shan;Xian-shi Jin
中国（以下简称中国大陆，不包括香港、澳门和台湾）是世界领先的渔业国家，2017年国内海洋捕捞量约为1110万吨。中国海洋渔业资源主要由沿海11个省市开发，各省市渔业发展情况不一。然而，很少有研究考察了11个沿海省市的开发历史。本文系统地量化了中国海洋渔业资源的开发历史，并测算了中国沿海11个省市对海洋捕捞量减少的脆弱性。分析表明，从20世纪80年代中期到20世纪世纪末，中国海洋渔业经历了快速增长，而这种快速增长主要是由捕捞努力量的增加所推动的。2017年初级生产力总需求水平约为平均初级生产力的80%，浙江、福建、山东、海南及广东省为中国主要渔业省份。通过评估11个沿海省市对海洋捕捞量减少影响的三个维度（暴露度、敏感性和适应能力）的脆弱性，发现海南、广西、浙江和福建省具有高或非常高的脆弱性，而上海和天津的城市脆弱性较低。根据沿海省份脆弱性的差异确定适当的适应政策和管理计划，对可持续渔业管理很重要。
China (herein referred as China’s mainland, and excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) ranks as the world’s leading fishing nation, with approximately 11.1 million tons of domestic marine catch acquired in 2017. Marine fisheries resources in China are mainly exploited by its 11 coastal provinces and municipalities, and the development of fishing industry varies among them. However, few studies have examined the exploitation history of the 11 coastal provinces and municipalities. In this paper, we systematically quantified the exploitation history of marine fishery resources in China and then measured the vulnerability of the 11 coastal provinces and municipalities of China to a reduction in marine catches. Our analysis suggested that Chinese marine fisheries experienced rapid growth from the mid-1980s to the end of the 20th century, and this rapid increase in marine catches were mainly promoted by increased fishing effort. The total primary production required level amounted to approximately 80% of the average primary productivity in 2017, and Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Hainan and Guangdong provinces were the main fishing provinces in China. By assessing three dimensions of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) to the impacts of a reduction in marine catches in the 11 coastal provinces and municipalities, we found that Hainan, Guangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces had high or very high vulnerability, while the municipalities of Shanghai and Tianjin had low vulnerability. Identifying suitable adaptation policies and management plans based on the differences in vulnerability among coastal provinces is important in sustainable fisheries management.