Design of a trichromatic cone array.
Design of a trichromatic cone array.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000677
复制
发表时间：
2010-02-12
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Balasubramanian V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garrigan P;Ratliff CP;Klein JM;Sterling P;Brainard DH;Balasubramanian V
在人类视网膜上，对长(L)、中(M)和短(S)波长光具有峰值灵敏度的视锥细胞在数量上是不相等的：S视锥细胞很少（<10%），但从中心到外围的比例增加，L/M视锥细胞的比例在个体之间变化很大。眼睛的哪些光学特性，以及自然场景的哪些统计特性，可能会推动这种组织？我们发现自然场景的空间色彩结构在L、M和S波段之间基本对称。鉴于这种对称性，眼介质的短波衰减使L/M锥具有适度的信噪比优势，特别是在密度较大的中央视网膜中，晶状体的长波调节放大了这种优势。同时，锥体拼接所代表的总信息对L/M比例相对不敏感。因此，观察到的锥阵列设计与长波调节透镜提供了一个选择的优势：它是最大的信息。人类的颜色感知是通过比较来自具有峰值灵敏度的视锥细胞的信号，在长(L)，中(M)和短(S)波长。在二色视中，S和M锥体的特征分布支持蓝黄色觉：少量S和大部分M。当添加L锥体时，允许红绿色觉，S比例仍然很低，随着视网膜偏心率的增加而缓慢增加，但L/M比例可以变化5倍而不影响红绿色觉。我们对这些惊人的事实提供一个统一的解释。首先，我们发现自然场景的空间色彩统计在L、M和S波段之间基本对称。因此，光学介质中蓝光的衰减和透镜长波长调节后的色差可以使L/M锥具有优势。定量地说，当S占比较低，但随着视网膜偏心率的增加而缓慢增加时，配以可容纳红光的透镜，锥阵列的信息传输达到最大。在包含了镜头的模糊后，最佳效果对红/绿比例的依赖程度较弱，允许大的变化而不损失功能。这解释了圆锥镶嵌的基本布局：对于投入的资源，组织最大化地利用信息。
Cones with peak sensitivity to light at long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelengths are unequal in number on the human retina: S cones are rare (<10%) while increasing in fraction from center to periphery, and the L/M cone proportions are highly variable between individuals. What optical properties of the eye, and statistical properties of natural scenes, might drive this organization? We found that the spatial-chromatic structure of natural scenes was largely symmetric between the L, M and S sensitivity bands. Given this symmetry, short wavelength attenuation by ocular media gave L/M cones a modest signal-to-noise advantage, which was amplified, especially in the denser central retina, by long-wavelength accommodation of the lens. Meanwhile, total information represented by the cone mosaic remained relatively insensitive to L/M proportions. Thus, the observed cone array design along with a long-wavelength accommodated lens provides a selective advantage: it is maximally informative. Human color perception arises by comparing the signals from cones with peak sensitivities, at long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelengths. In dichromats, a characteristic distribution of S and M cones supports blue-yellow color vision: a few S and mostly M. When L cones are added, allowing red-green color vision, the S proportion remains low, increasing slowly with increasing retinal eccentricity, but the L/M proportion can vary 5-fold without affecting red-green color perception. We offer a unified explanation of these striking facts. First, we find that the spatial-chromatic statistics of natural scenes are largely symmetric between the L, M and S sensitivity bands. Thus, attenuation of blue light in the optical media, and chromatic aberration after long-wavelength accommodation of the lens, can give L/M cones an advantage. Quantitatively, information transmission by the cone array is maximized when the S proportion is low but increasing slowly with retinal eccentricity, accompanied by a lens accommodated to red light. After including blur by the lens, the optimum depends weakly on the red/green ratio, allowing large variations without loss of function. This explains the basic layout of the cone mosaic: for the resources invested, the organization maximizes information.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
ATTNEAVE, F
通讯作者：
ATTNEAVE, F
DOI：
10.1007/bf00188925
发表时间：
1992-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
CHITTKA, L;MENZEL, R
通讯作者：
MENZEL, R
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
BARLOW, HB
通讯作者：
BARLOW, HB
DOI：
10.1364/josaa.24.000922
发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Chandler, Damon M.;Field, David J.
通讯作者：
Field, David J.
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Cummings, ME
通讯作者：
Cummings, ME