Experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease.
Experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease.
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DOI：
10.1201/9781482283723-61
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
A. Stadnicki;R. Colman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Stadnicki;R. Colman
炎症性肠病（IBD）的病因学和发病机制仍然没有解决，但小肠结肠炎的实验模型的改进导致了进展。肠道炎症和实验性IBD可由化学或饮食因素或微生物产物诱导。许多IBD动物模型可用于评价新的抗炎药物。然而，这些模型通常表现为急性自限性结肠炎。在棉顶绢毛猴和C3 H/HeJBir小鼠中开发的自发性结肠炎模型模拟了人类IBD的更多特征。炎症是慢性的，受遗传控制。近交系大鼠品系对慢性炎症的不同遗传易感性已被利用。注射细菌产物、肽聚糖多糖或吲哚美辛的刘易斯大鼠发生慢性复发性小肠结肠炎，而密切相关的布法罗或费舍尔大鼠品系仅发生短暂炎症。这些模型也可用于测试炎症介质和靶分子的特异性抑制。特定基因的过度表达（转基因）或缺失（敲除）导致自发性结肠炎啮齿动物模型的发展。炎症由免疫调节分子的许多突变引起，支持IBD遗传异质性的概念。从实验模型中获得的结果产生了新的假设，扩大了人类研究，并为IBD患者提出了新的治疗形式。
The etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unsolved, but improved experimental models of enterocolitis have led to progress. Intestinal inflammation and experimental IBD can be induced by chemical or dietary factors or by microbial products. Many animal models of IBD can be used to evaluate new anti-inflammatory drugs. These models, however, usually demonstrate acute, self-limiting colitis. The spontaneous colitis models developed in the cotton-top tamarin monkey and the C3H/HeJBir mouse mimic more features of human IBD. Inflammation is chronic and is under genetic control. The differential genetic susceptibility of inbred rat strains to chronic inflammation have been exploited. Lewis rats injected with bacterial products, peptidoglycan polysaccharide or indomethicin develop chronic relapsing enterocolitis, whereas closely related Buffalo or Fisher rat strains develop only transient inflammation. These models are also useful to test the specific inhibition of inflammatory mediators and target molecules. Over-expression (transgenic) or deletion (knockout) of specific genes have led to the development of rodent models of spontaneous colitis. Inflammation arises from a number of mutations of immunomodulatory molecules, supporting the concept of genetic heterogeneity for IBD. The results obtained from experimental models have generated new hypotheses, expanded human studies, and suggested novel forms of therapy for IBD patients.