Morphological and molecular evidence support the taxonomic separation of the medically important Neotropical spiders Phoneutria depilata (Strand, 1909) and P. boliviensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Araneae, Ctenidae).
Morphological and molecular evidence support the taxonomic separation of the medically important Neotropical spiders Phoneutria depilata (Strand, 1909) and P. boliviensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Araneae, Ctenidae).
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形态学和分子生物学证据支持新热带医学重要蜘蛛Phoneutria depilata（Strand，1909）和P. boliviensis（F.O. Pickard-Cambridge，1897）（蜘蛛目，栉蛛科）。
DOI：
10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Hormiga G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hazzi NA;Hormiga G
Phoneutria（Ctenidae）属的物种，也被称为香蕉蜘蛛，被认为是世界上最毒的蜘蛛之一。在这项研究中，我们重新验证了与玻利维亚披毛单胞菌（P. boliviensisis）（F.O. Pickard-Cambridge，1897），使用形态学和核苷酸序列数据（COI和ITS-2）以及物种界定方法。我们将Ctenusperegrinoides，Strand，1910和Phoneutriacolumana施密特，1956与P. depilata进行了合成。此外，我们指定Ctenus signativenter Strand，1910作为一个名dubium，因为这个物种的确切身份不能确定与未成熟的标本，但我们注意到，模式产地表明，C。signativenter综合型属于无毛披碱草。我们还提供了两种Phoneutria物种的物种分布模型和生态位保守性的异域物种形成模型下的测试假设。我们的系统发育分析支持Phoneutria属的单系性，并恢复P. boliviensis和P. depilata为姐妹种，虽然节点支持率较低。此外，基于树的物种划分方法也支持这两个物种的独立身份。Phoneutria boliviensis和P. depilata呈现出被安第斯山脉系统分隔的异地分布。物种分布模型表明，低地热带雨林生态系统作为最适合这两种Phoneutria的栖息地。此外，我们证明了公民科学平台的价值，如iNaturalist在改善物种分布知识的基础上发生记录。Phoneutria depilata和P. boliviensis呈现生态位保守性，遵循预期的中性异域物种形成模型。这两个物种的发生记录和分布图，以及这两个物种的形态学诊断，将有助于确定意外叮咬的风险区域，并协助卫生专业人员确定叮咬所涉及的物种的身份，特别是对于P. depilata。
The species of the genus Phoneutria (Ctenidae), also called banana spiders, are considered amongst the most venomous spiders in the world. In this study we revalidate P. depilata (Strand, 1909), which had been synonymized with P. boliviensisis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897), using morphological and nucleotide sequence data (COI and ITS-2) together with species delimitation methods. We synonymized Ctenus peregrinoides, Strand, 1910 and Phoneutria colombiana Schmidt, 1956 with P. depilata. Furthermore, we designated Ctenus signativenter Strand, 1910 as a nomen dubium because the exact identity of this species cannot be ascertained with immature specimens, but we note that the type locality suggests that the C. signativenter syntypes belong to P. depilata. We also provide species distribution models for both species of Phoneutria and test hypotheses of niche conservatism under an allopatric speciation model. Our phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the genus Phoneutria and recover P. boliviensis and P. depilata as sister species, although with low nodal support. In addition, the tree-based species delimitation methods also supported the separate identities of these two species. Phoneutria boliviensis and P. depilata present allopatric distributions separated by the Andean mountain system. Species distribution models indicate lowland tropical rain forest ecosystems as the most suitable habitat for these two Phoneutria species. In addition, we demonstrate the value of citizen science platforms like iNaturalist in improving species distribution knowledge based on occurrence records. Phoneutria depilata and P. boliviensis present niche conservatism following the expected neutral model of allopatric speciation. The compiled occurrence records and distribution maps for these two species, together with the morphological diagnosis of both species, will help to identify risk areas of accidental bites and assist health professionals to determine the identity of the species involved in bites, especially for P. depilata.