Synopsis of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Storage in Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons
Synopsis of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Storage in Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons
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DOI：
10.3390/su13041947
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发表时间：
2021-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
A. Sultana;Nepu Saha;M. Reza
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Sultana;Nepu Saha;M. Reza
氢（H2）被广泛认为是一种潜在的具有成本效益的清洁燃料，主要是因为它的有益特性，如高能量含量和可持续性。随着过去几十年对氢气的需求不断增长及其作为能源载体的有利特性，到2050年，美国对纯氢气的消费量预计将达到6300万吨。尽管氢气产生的巨大潜力及其广泛应用，但氢气的运输和储存仍然是可持续氢气经济的主要挑战。在活性炭、金属有机框架（MOFs）、共价有机框架（COFs）等材料中储存H2的方法已经得到了广泛的应用。最近，文献一直强调需要开发生物质活性炭作为有效的储氢材料，因为它们是廉价的吸附剂，具有可调的化学、机械和形态特性。本文综述了目前生物质活性炭各种性能对其吸氢能力影响的研究进展及展望。讨论了H2储存控制因素的关键方面，即表面形貌（比表面积、孔体积和孔径分布）、表面官能团（杂原子和官能团）、H2储存的物理条件（温度和压力）以及热力学性质（吸附热和解吸热）。综合文献研究表明，“理想”的生物质活性炭吸附剂的微孔尺寸通常小于10 Å，微孔体积大于1.5 cm3/g，比表面积达到4000 m2/g或更高，在低温条件下（- 196℃），由于高吸附热，较小的孔有利于更强的物理吸附，因此可以使重质H2吸收率达到bbb10 wt%。
Hydrogen (H2) is largely regarded as a potential cost-efficient clean fuel primarily due to its beneficial properties, such as its high energy content and sustainability. With the rising demand for H2 in the past decades and its favorable characteristics as an energy carrier, the escalating USA consumption of pure H2 can be projected to reach 63 million tons by 2050. Despite the tremendous potential of H2 generation and its widespread application, transportation and storage of H2 have remained the major challenges of a sustainable H2 economy. Various efforts have been undertaken by storing H2 in activated carbons, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), etc. Recently, the literature has been stressing the need to develop biomass-based activated carbons as an effective H2 storage material, as these are inexpensive adsorbents with tunable chemical, mechanical, and morphological properties. This article reviews the current research trends and perspectives on the role of various properties of biomass-based activated carbons on its H2 uptake capacity. The critical aspects of the governing factors of H2 storage, namely, the surface morphology (specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution), surface functionality (heteroatom and functional groups), physical condition of H2 storage (temperature and pressure), and thermodynamic properties (heat of adsorption and desorption), are discussed. A comprehensive survey of the literature showed that an “ideal” biomass-based activated carbon sorbent with a micropore size typically below 10 Å, micropore volume greater than 1.5 cm3/g, and high surface area of 4000 m2/g or more may help in substantial gravimetric H2 uptake of >10 wt% at cryogenic conditions (−196 °C), as smaller pores benefit by stronger physisorption due to the high heat of adsorption.