On the control of secondary carbanion structure utilising ligand effects during directed metallation.

On the control of secondary carbanion structure utilising ligand effects during directed metallation.
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DOI:
10.3762/bjoc.8.5
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Haywood J
Haywood J
中科院分区:
化学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wheatley AE;Clayden J;Hillier IH;Campbell Smith A;Vincent MA;Taylor LJ;Haywood J

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N,N-二异丙基-2-丙基苯甲酰胺 6-H 在路易斯碱 PMDTA(N,N,N',N",N"-五甲基二乙烯三胺)存在下通过 t-BuLi 进行横向去质子化,得到含有三角平面仲碳负离子的苄基锂 6-Lil·PMDTA。在固态下,酰胺导向基团和 PMDTA 添加剂共同作用,从丙基的去质子化 α-C (4.107(4) Å) 中提取金属离​​子。在去质子化碳中心和平面芳香系统之间观察到 1.376(3) Å 的短距离,该系统显示出键长模式,与报道的相关三级碳负离子系统形成对比。如果在二甘醇二甲醚存在下用 t-BuLi 处理 6-H 得到 6-Lil·DGME,则会发生类似的苄基去质子化。 X 射线晶体学现在表明,金属离子更接近叔碳负离子 (2.418(6) Å),但去质子化碳中心的平面性和 PMDTA 络合物中看到的有机阴离子的键合模式得以保留。 DFT 分析证实了 6-Lil·L(L = 路易斯碱)中芳环与碳负离子中心之间的距离较短以及芳香性不受干扰的性质。溶液中碳负离子的两种结构类型的观察得到了理论上的解释,并通过核磁共振波谱根据芳烃-(α-C)键中的部分双键特征赋予的顺式和反式异构现象进行了解释。
N,N-Diisopropyl-2-propylbenzamide 6-H undergoes lateral deprotonation by t-BuLi in the presence of the Lewis base PMDTA (N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) to give a benzyllithium 6-Lil·PMDTA that incorporates a trigonal planar secondary carbanion. In the solid state, the amide directing group and the PMDTA additive work together to abstract the metal ion from the deprotonated α-C of the propyl group (4.107(4) Å). A short distance of 1.376(3) Å is observed between the deprotonated carbon centre and a planar aromatic system that shows a pattern of bond lengths which contrasts with that reported for related tertiary carbanion systems. Analogous benzylic deprotonation is seen if 6-H is treated with t-BuLi in the presence of diglyme to give 6-Lil·DGME. X-ray crystallography now shows that the metal ion more closely approaches the tertiary carbanion (2.418(6) Å) but that the planarity of the deprotonated carbon centre and the bonding pattern in the organic anion seen in the PMDTA complex are retained. DFT analysis corroborates both the short distance between aromatic ring and carbanion centre and the unperturbed nature of aromaticity in 6-Lil·L (L = Lewis base). The observation of two structure-types for the carbanion in solution is explained theoretically and by NMR spectroscopy in terms of cis and trans isomerism imparted by partial double bond character in the arene–(α-C) bond.
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发表时间: 2002-01-01
期刊: JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS
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