Survival differences and the effect of environmental instability on breeding dispersal in an Adelie penguin meta-population
Survival differences and the effect of environmental instability on breeding dispersal in an Adelie penguin meta-population
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1000623107
复制
发表时间：
2010-07-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ballard, Grant
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dugger, Katie M.;Ainley, David G.;Ballard, Grant
阿德利企鹅（Pygoscelis adeliae）在一段稳定的环境条件下，高生存率和繁殖philopatry先前已被证实。然而，作为一个计划外的自然实验的结果，在四个殖民地的元人口繁殖成人的运动提供了有趣的见解，这个物种的人口动态。我们使用多状态标记-再捕获模型，调查在12个繁殖季节（1996-2007年）在西南罗斯海繁殖鸟类的明显生存和扩散。自然实验是由两个巨大的冰山，（i）竖立了一个名副其实的围栏分隔殖民地和改变迁移路线，（ii）在12年的5年期间，通过在该地区捕获广泛的海冰增加了额外的压力临时接地。殖民地的大小不同的数量级，允许调查表观生存率和扩散率在这一元人口的环境条件和殖民地的大小。最小的群体（4，000对）的表观存活率最低，中等群体（45，000对）和大群体（155，000对）的表观存活率相似，尽管育种者在最大的群体中花费了更多的觅食努力。繁殖鸟类的扩散率很低（
High survival and breeding philopatry was previously confirmed for the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) during a period of stable environmental conditions. However, movements of breeding adults as a result of an unplanned natural experiment within a four-colony meta-population provided interesting insights into this species' population dynamics. We used multistate mark-recapture models to investigate apparent survival and dispersal of breeding birds in the southwestern Ross Sea during 12 breeding seasons (1996-2007). The natural experiment was facilitated by the temporary grounding of two immense icebergs that (i) erected a veritable fence separating colonies and altering migration routes and (ii) added additional stress by trapping extensive sea ice in the region during 5 of 12 y. Colony size varied by orders of magnitude, allowing investigation of apparent survival and dispersal rates in relation to both environmental conditions and colony size within this meta-population. Apparent survival was lowest for the smallest colony (4,000 pairs) and similar for the medium (45,000 pairs) and large colonies (155,000 pairs), despite increased foraging effort expended by breeders at the largest colony. Dispersal of breeding birds was low (