The Role of Adipose Tissue and Lipotoxicity in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
The Role of Adipose Tissue and Lipotoxicity in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11892-010-0122-6
复制
发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Cusi, Kenneth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cusi, Kenneth
肥胖症和2型糖尿病（T2DM）的广泛流行表明这两种疾病密切相关。越来越多的证据使我们对脂肪组织的看法从一个被动的能量储存库转变为一个动态的“内分泌器官”，它通过脂肪细胞与其微环境的复杂相互作用来严格调节营养平衡。功能失调的脂肪组织，特别是在肥胖症中观察到的情况，其特征是脂肪细胞肥大、巨噬细胞浸润、胰岛素信号受损以及胰岛素抵抗。其结果是释放出大量炎性脂肪因子和过量的游离脂肪酸，促进肌肉、肝脏和胰腺β细胞中的异位脂肪沉积和脂毒性。这篇综述重点关注近期关于受损脂肪组织如何深刻改变葡萄糖稳态的研究工作。更好地理解这种关系为旨在预防2型糖尿病负担的早期干预策略提供了最佳机会。
The widespread epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suggest that both conditions are closely linked. An increasing body of evidence has shifted our view of adipose tissue from a passive energy depot to a dynamic "endocrine organ" that tightly regulates nutritional balance by means of a complex crosstalk of adipocytes with their microenvironment. Dysfunctional adipose tissue, particularly as observed in obesity, is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, impaired insulin signaling, and insulin resistance. The result is the release of a host of inflammatory adipokines and excessive amounts of free fatty acids that promote ectopic fat deposition and lipotoxicity in muscle, liver, and pancreatic beta cells. This review focuses on recent work on how glucose homeostasis is profoundly altered by distressed adipose tissue. A better understanding of this relationship offers the best chance for early intervention strategies aimed at preventing the burden of T2DM.