Are legislative frameworks in Canada and Ontario up to the task of addressing invasive alien species?
Are legislative frameworks in Canada and Ontario up to the task of addressing invasive alien species?
复制标题
加拿大和安大略省的立法框架是否能够胜任解决外来入侵物种问题？
DOI：
10.1007/s10530-013-0585-x
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
N. Yan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. L. Smith;D. Bazely;N. Yan
作为《生物多样性公约》（CBD）的签署国，加拿大致力于预防、控制和消除外来入侵物种。然而，尽管制定了关于生物多样性和IAS的政策，联邦政府仍因在过去十年中对生物入侵不采取行动而受到批评。在加拿大人口最多的省份安大略，也有人对省政府处理国际会计准则的办法提出了类似的关切。对政府反应的持续批评表明，加拿大可能缺乏有效的立法框架来指导和协调有关国际会计准则的行动。在本文中，我们研究了如何以及现有的立法在联邦和安大略各级地址IAS的威胁，从而有助于CBD的承诺。我们共审查了98项立法，包括55项联邦法案、两项联邦综合法案和41项安大略法案。其中，有20项联邦法和12项安大略法被发现有意或无意地涵盖了国际会计准则，但国际会计准则并不是大多数立法的核心重点。在提及国际会计准则的立法中没有一致的术语，这进一步突出表明对这一问题缺乏重视。关于《国际会计准则》的立法由联邦和安大略的几个不同的部管理，但法律和条例中没有明确涉及机构间行动的协调。虽然许多法案规定了广泛的执行权力，但大多数条款与国际会计准则的预防和管理没有直接联系。总的来说，加拿大关于国际会计准则的立法框架是不完整的，这使得制定一个协调的办法来解决这一问题变得复杂。
As a signatory to the international Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Canada has committed to prevent, control, and eradicate invasive alien species (IAS). Yet, despite developing policy on biodiversity and IAS, the federal government has been criticized for its inaction on biological invasions over the past decade. In Canada’s most populous province, Ontario, similar concerns have been raised about the provincial government’s approach to dealing with IAS. The ongoing criticism of government response suggests that an effective legislative framework to guide and coordinate action on IAS may be lacking in Canada. In this paper, we examined how well existing legislation at the federal and Ontario levels addresses IAS threats, and thus contributes to CBD commitments. We reviewed a total of 98 pieces of legislation, comprised of 55 federal acts, two federal omnibus bills, and 41 Ontario acts. Of these, 20 federal and 12 Ontario acts were found to cover IAS either intentionally or incidentally, but IAS was not the central focus of most legislation. No consistent terminology existed across legislation referring to IAS, further highlighting a lack of focus on the issue. Legislation on IAS was administered by several different ministries both federally and in Ontario, but coordination of action among agencies was not explicitly addressed in laws and regulations. While many acts provided broad powers of enforcement, most provisions were not directly linked to IAS prevention and management. In general, Canada’s legislative framework on IAS is fragmented, and this complicates the development of a coordinated approach to the problem.