Explaining Swedish Corporatism: The Formative Moment
Explaining Swedish Corporatism: The Formative Moment
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解释瑞典社团主义：形成时刻
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9477.1992.tb00139.x
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Bo Rothstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bo Rothstein
本文讨论的问题是如何解释国家政治制度的重大故意变化。理论上的出发点是，政治体系通常是如此严密的结构，以至于参与者引入此类变化的前景非常渺茫。提出的论点是，只有在特定的危机时期，才能发生这种变化；只有在这种形成时期，政治行为者才会改变制度参数或“游戏”的性质。从经验上讲，这篇文章扩展了这一论点，试图解释为什么瑞典的政治制度变得高度社团主义。已经证明，从理性主义的方法来看，集体行动--例如，为什么个人加入和支持利益组织--很难解释。相反，它提供了一种制度性的解释。实证分析表明，20世纪30年代瑞典的中央政治人物如何通过改变收益来解决农民和工人利益组织的“搭便车”问题。与之前的研究相反，分析表明，社团主义原则在瑞典政治中的突破是在保守党大力支持的自由党政府的领导下发生的。因此，瑞典社会民主党与瑞典政治的社团主义性质之间的传统联系受到了质疑，并对1933年社会民主党与农民联盟之间的联盟给予了新的解释。
The question addressed in this article is how to explain major intentional changes in national political systems. The theoretical point of departure is that political systems are usually so tightly structured that the prospects of actors introducing such changes are very small. The argument put forward is that only under certain periods of crisis can such changes occur; it is only during such formative moments that political actors change the institutional parameters or the nature of the ‘game’. Empirically, the article extends this argument in an attempt to explain why Sweden's political system became highly corporatist. It has been shown that from a rationalistic approach, collective action - e. g. why individuals join and support interest organizations - is difficult to explain. Instead, an institutional explanation is offered. The empirical analysis shows how centrally placed politicians in Sweden during the 1930s, by changing the payoffs, could solve the ‘free-rider’ problem for both farmers' and workers' interest organizations. Contrary to earlier studies, the analysis shows that the breakthrough of corporatist principles in Swedish politics took place under a Liberal government strongly supported by the Conservative Party. The traditional connection between the Swedish Social Democrats and the corporatist nature of Swedish politics is thus questioned and the alliance between the Social Democrats and the Farmers' League in 1933 is given a new explanation.