Perinatal protein restriction affects milk free amino acid and fatty acid profile in lactating rats: potential role on pup growth and metabolic status
Perinatal protein restriction affects milk free amino acid and fatty acid profile in lactating rats: potential role on pup growth and metabolic status
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.012
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Alexandre-Gouabau, Marie-Cecile
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Agnoux, Aurore Martin;Antignac, Jean-Philippe;Alexandre-Gouabau, Marie-Cecile
正如代谢印记概念所表明的，围产期营养不良不仅影响胎儿和新生儿的生长，还影响成人的健康结果。尽管母乳是产后营养物质从母亲转移到后代的唯一渠道，但母亲营养不良对乳汁成分的影响却知之甚少。本研究在营养规划的大鼠模型中调查了在整个妊娠期和哺乳期喂养等热量、低蛋白饮食对乳汁成分的影响及其对后代生长和代谢状态可能产生的影响。我们采用了一种综合方法，将整个哺乳期大量营养素、游离氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的针对性分析与基于非靶向质谱的代谢组表型分析相结合。虽然围产期饮食蛋白质限制未能改变乳蛋白含量，但它在哺乳结束时显着降低了大多数游离氨基酸的浓度。有趣的是，观察到与胰岛素分泌或糖异生有关的几种氨基酸的减少，这表明围产期母体蛋白质限制可能会影响乳汁的胰岛素营养作用，这反过来可能是哺乳雄性后代生长缓慢的原因。此外，含硫氨基酸的减少可能会改变后代的氧化还原状态。母亲营养不良也与乳汁总脂肪酸含量增加有关，并改变了其模式。总而言之，我们的结果表明，乳汁成分明显受到母亲饮食的影响，并表明乳汁成分的改变可能在后代的生长和代谢编程中发挥作用。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Perinatal undernutrition affects not only fetal and neonatal growth but also adult health outcome, as suggested by the metabolic imprinting concept. Although maternal milk is the only channel through which nutrients are transferred from mother to offspring during the postnatal period, the impact of maternal undernutrition on milk composition is poorly understood. The present study investigates, in a rat model of nutritional programming, the effects of feeding an isocaloric, low-protein diet throughout gestation and lactation on milk composition and its possible consequences on offspring's growth and metabolic status. We used an integrated methodological approach that combined targeted analyses of macronutrients, free amino acid and fatty acid content throughout lactation, with an untargeted mass-spectrometric-based metabolomic phenotyping. Whereas perinatal dietary protein restriction failed to alter milk protein content, it dramatically decreased the concentration of most free amino acids at the end of lactation. Interestingly, a decrease of several amino acids involved in insulin secretion or gluconeogenesis was observed, suggesting that maternal protein restriction during the perinatal period may impact the insulinotrophic effect of milk, which may, in turn, account for the slower growth of the suckled male offspring. Besides, the decrease in sulfur amino acids may alter redox status in the offspring. Maternal undernutrition was also associated with an increase in milk total fatty acid content, with modifications in their pattern. Altogether, our results show that milk composition is clearly influenced by maternal diet and suggest that alterations in milk composition may play a role in offspring growth and metabolic programming. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.