High Performance Computing in Power and Energy Systems
High Performance Computing in Power and Energy Systems
复制标题
电力和能源系统中的高性能计算
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-32683-7_12
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kockar I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kockar I
如果英国和其他国家要实现显著的碳减排并实现可持续能源系统，智能电网或智能电网的开发和应用，包括推出智能电表和电动汽车，至关重要。这些新的电网将提供机会，提高可再生能源融入系统的水平。它们还将允许包括小家庭在内的客户积极参与，并根据能源供应和价格调整其需求。这将进一步导致提高能源效率，并为减少总消费量和减少或推迟对新的大型发电和基础设施的投资提供可能性，为了实现这些目标，需要处理和解决一些技术、经济和政策问题。开发新一代能够解决具有大量节点的电力系统问题的超快速软件工具对于帮助解决这些问题也很重要。例如，配电系统和网络运营商以及聚合商等交易实体将通过与更小的发电商，特别是更小的客户进行合作的可能性来更好地协调系统运营。在较低电压水平的这种控制将允许响应的聚合，然后将其传播到较高的电压水平。目前，关于未来电力系统的操作的讨论正在考虑两种不同的选择。一种是制定方法，使网络运作分散化，减少系统运作高层的协调。然而，为利用HPC架构的优势而开发的新软件可能为企业和政策制定者提供了一种可能性，可以在有大量参与者的地区调查和比较集中式与分散式操作的操作。这些新的HPC电力系统分析工具将实现更频繁的价格信号计算，并有可能定义政策，以确保与客户的互动，以减少其能源消耗或将其转移到非高峰期，并允许协调电动汽车的充电及其作为存储设备的使用。这类工具对分散式和集中式运行都很有用，但对集中式运行至关重要。本章首先概述未来电力系统运行的变化，然后概述电力系统分析工具，如潮流、最优潮流、发电调度和安全评估。然后讨论了电力系统运行工具的并行技术和HPC应用的现状。讨论了高性能计算和电力系统潮流、最优潮流（OPF）、安全约束OPF等电力系统运行问题的计算要求、研究成果和可能存在的障碍。最后，它将研究HPC/数值分析领域的新发展，以及更强大的极限计算以及为这一下一步机器开发的新算法如何帮助改善电力系统运行和电力市场工具。
Development and application of SmartGrids or Intelligrids, including roll-out of smart meters and electrical vehicles, is of a great importance if the UK and other countries are to achieve significant carbon emission reductions and realize sustainable energy systems. These new grids will offer the opportunity to increase the level of renewable energy integrated into the system. They will also allow customers, including small households, to actively participate and adjust their demand depending on energy availability and price. This will further lead towards improved energy efficiency, as well as offer possibilities to reduce overall consumption and reduce or postpone investments into new large generation and infrastructure facilities.To achieve these goals, a number of technical, economical and policy issues need to be addressed and resolved. The development of new generations of extremely fast software tools that can solve power system problems with large number of nodes will also be important to help resolve these issues. For example, distribution system and network operators, as well as trading entities such as aggregators, will get a better coordination of system operation though the possibility to engage with even smaller generators, and especially smaller customers. This control at lower voltage levels will allow for the aggregation of responses which will then propagate to higher voltage levels.Currently, the discussion regarding the operation of future power systems is looking into two different options. One is to develop methodologies that will allow decentralization of network operation with the reduced level of coordination at the high level of system operation. However, the new software developed to exploit the benefits of the HPC architecture may open a possibility for businesses and policy makers to investigate and compare operation of centralized vs. decentralized operation over areas with large number of participants.. These new HPC power system analysis tools will enable more frequent price signal calculations and bring the possibility to define policies which will ensure engagement with customers to reduce their energy consumption or shift it towards offpeak periods, as well as allow for the coordination of charging of electric vehicles and their use as storage devices. Such tools will be useful for both decentralized and centralized operation, however they will be crucial for the latter.This chapter will first give an overview of the changes in future power system operation and then outline power system analysis tools such as power flow, optimal power flow, generation scheduling and the security assessment. It will then discuss current status of the parallel techniques and HPC applications for the power system operation tools. It will also discuss the formulation requirements, achievements and possible obstacles in the application of techniques suitable for HPC and for power system operation problems such as power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), security constrained OPF. Finally, it will look how new developments in the HPC/Numerical Analysis area, and even more powerful Extreme Computing together with new algorithms developed for this next-step class of machines may help improve power system operation and electricity markets tools.