A comparison of water culture and soil as media for crop production
A comparison of water culture and soil as media for crop production
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DOI：
10.1126/science.89.2318.512
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发表时间：
1939-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Hoagland, DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnon, DI;Hoagland, DR
近年来，人们对使用水培养基替代土壤用于作物生产的可能性产生了极大的兴趣。在此之前的世纪中，有四分之三以上的时间，水培法都是专门用于科学研究的。将水培法商业化的想法是由WF Gericke在不久前提出的，他发明了一种在装满营养液的大水槽中种植植物的特殊技术。这一发展很快就在大众报纸上得到了广泛的宣传，并引发了广泛的讨论，讨论某些建议可能产生的社会和经济影响，这些建议是为了免除土壤作为种植许多作物的媒介。这种讨论常常基于以下主张：（1）营养液的给定表面的固有生产能力远远超过甚至非常肥沃的土壤的等效表面的生产能力;这是因为单株植物产量更高，或者因为植物在营养液中比在土壤中生长得更紧密;（2）加热营养液导致作物产量的大幅增加;（3）植物在营养液中生长比在土壤中生长更节约用水;（4）水培法生产的食物具有更高的营养价值（5）在营养液中生长的植物与在土壤中生长的植物相比，不受虫害和疾病的侵袭。
IN recent years, great interest has beenaroused in the possibilities of using a water-culture medium, as an alternative to soil, for purposes of crop production. The idea of making commercial use of the water-culture method, heretofore employed for over three quarters of a century solely for scientific studies, was conceived some time ago by WF Gericke, who devised a special technique for growing plants in large tanks filled with nutrient solution. 1 2This development was soon given great publicity in the popular press and stimulated wide discussion of the possible social and economic implications of certain proposals for dispensing with the soil as a medium for growing many crops. Such discussion has frequently been based on the following claims:(1) The inherent productive capacity of a given surface of nutrient solution far surpasses that of an equivalent surface of even very fertile soil; either because individual plant yields are higher or because plants can be grown more closely spaced in nutrient solutions thanin soil;(2) heating the nutrient solution results in large increases in yields of crops;(3) plants can be grown in nutrient solutions with greater water economy than in soil;(4) food pro-duced by the water-culture method has a higher dietetic value (minerals and vitamins) than that produced in soil;(5) plants grown in nutrient solutions are, in con-trast with those grown in soil, free from attack of insects and diseases.