Enzymatic Purification of Microplastics in Environmental Samples
Enzymatic Purification of Microplastics in Environmental Samples
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.7b03055
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发表时间：
2017-12-19
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Gerdts, Gunnar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Loeder, Martin G. J.;Imhof, Hannes K.;Gerdts, Gunnar
微傅里叶变换红外（micro-FTIR）光谱和拉曼光谱能够在较低的微米范围内可靠地识别和定量微塑料（MP）。由于环境中MP的浓度通常较低，这些技术所需的大量样品会导致过量的共富集有机或无机材料。虽然无机材料可以从MP Wing密度分离中分离出来，但有机部分阻碍了进行可靠分析的能力。因此，在通过光谱技术进行鉴定之前，从有机材料中纯化MP至关重要。强、酸性或碱性处理有降解敏感合成聚合物的危险。我们提出了一种替代方法，该方法使用一系列工业级酶来纯化环境样品中的MP。一个基本的酶纯化协议（BEPP）被证明是有效的，同时减少98.3 +/- 0.1%的样品基质在地表水样品。在显示出较高的回收率（84.5 +/- 3.3%）后，BEPP成功地应用于北海的环境样品，其中MP的数量范围为0.05至4.42个项目m（-3）。不同的环境样品矩阵的经验被认为是在一个改进的和普遍适用的版本的BEPP，这是适合于焦平面阵列检测器（FPA）为基础的水，废水，沉积物，生物区系和食品样品的微型FTIR分析。
Micro-Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy enable the reliable identification and quantification of microplastics (MPs) in the lower micron range. Since concentrations of MPs in the environment are usually low, the large sample volumes required for these techniques lead to an excess of coenriched organic or inorganic materials. While inorganic materials can be separated from MPs Wing density separation, the organic fraction impedes the ability to conduct reliable analyses. Hence, the purification of MPs from organic materials is crucial prior to conducting an identification via spectroscopic techniques. Strong, acidic or alkaline treatments bear the danger of degrading sensitive synthetic polymers. We suggest an alternative method, which uses a series of technical grade enzymes for purifying MPs in environmental samples. A basic enzymatic purification protocol (BEPP) proved to be efficient while reducing 98.3 +/- 0.1% of the sample matrix in surface water samples. After showing a high recovery rate (84.5 +/- 3.3%), the BEPP was successfully applied to environmental samples from the North Sea where numbers of MPs range from 0.05 to 4.42 items m(-3). Experiences with different environmental sample matrices were considered in an improved and universally applicable version of the BEPP, which is suitable for focal plane array detector (FPA)-based micro-FTIR analyses of water, wastewater, sediment, biota, and food samples.