The Sphagnum microbiome supports bog ecosystem functioning under extreme conditions
The Sphagnum microbiome supports bog ecosystem functioning under extreme conditions
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.12885
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Berg, Gabriele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bragina, Anastasia;Oberauner-Wappis, Lisa;Berg, Gabriele
泥炭沼泽是一种独特但分布广泛的陆地生态系统类型，对全球生物圈的功能有很大贡献。Sphagnum由高度多样化的微生物群落定居，但对它们的功能知之甚少。我们应用基于Illumina的元基因组学方法，然后从头组装和MG-RAST注释，在泥炭藓微生物组中发现了高度的功能多样性。环境间的比较表明，泥炭微生物群具有特殊的遗传特征，这与高等植物和泥炭土壤的微生物群有很大的区别。这些不同的特征特别支持了生态系统在偏碱性和富营养化条件下的共生生活方式的功能。为了实现可塑性-稳定性的平衡，我们发现了丰富的子系统，负责应对氧化和干旱胁迫，交换(移动)遗传元件，以及编码对有害环境因素的抗性的基因，修复和自我控制机制。多种微生物-微生物和植物-微生物的相互作用也被发现发挥了关键作用，如生物膜形成、通过群体感应相互作用和营养交换所必需的不同基因所表明的那样。参与氮循环和有机物质循环的基因比例很高，支持细菌在营养供应方面的作用。16S rDNA分析表明，与以前用依赖于PCR的技术检测到的结构多样性相比，16S rDNA具有更高的结构多样性。总之，在不断变化的环境条件下，多样的泥炭微生物群能够支持寄主植物和整个生态系统的生命。除此之外，苔藓微生物组为环境生物技术提供了一种很有前途的生物资源--关于新型酶或压力保护细菌。
Sphagnum-dominated bogs represent a unique yet widely distributed type of terrestrial ecosystem and strongly contribute to global biosphere functioning. Sphagnum is colonized by highly diverse microbial communities, but less is known about their function. We identified a high functional diversity within the Sphagnum microbiome applying an Illumina-based metagenomic approach followed by de novo assembly and MG-RAST annotation. An interenvironmental comparison revealed that the Sphagnum microbiome harbours specific genetic features that distinguish it significantly from microbiomes of higher plants and peat soils. The differential traits especially support ecosystem functioning by a symbiotic lifestyle under poikilohydric and ombrotrophic conditions. To realise a plasticity-stability balance, we found abundant subsystems responsible to cope with oxidative and drought stresses, to exchange (mobile) genetic elements, and genes that encode for resistance to detrimental environmental factors, repair and self-controlling mechanisms. Multiple microbe-microbe and plant-microbe interactions were also found to play a crucial role as indicated by diverse genes necessary for biofilm formation, interaction via quorum sensing and nutrient exchange. A high proportion of genes involved in nitrogen cycle and recycling of organic material supported the role of bacteria for nutrient supply. 16S rDNA analysis indicated a higher structural diversity than that which had been previously detected using PCR-dependent techniques. Altogether, the diverse Sphagnum microbiome has the ability to support the life of the host plant and the entire ecosystem under changing environmental conditions. Beyond this, the moss microbiome presents a promising bio-resource for environmental biotechnology - with respect to novel enzymes or stress-protecting bacteria.