Chemical characterization of fine particle emissions from the fireplace combustion of wood types grown in the Midwestern and Western United States
Chemical characterization of fine particle emissions from the fireplace combustion of wood types grown in the Midwestern and Western United States
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DOI：
10.1089/109287504323067021
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Simoneit, BRT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fine, PM;Cass, GR;Simoneit, BRT
结果提出了从一系列的源测试的壁炉燃烧的10种木材在美国中西部和西部：白色橡木，糖枫，黑橡木，美国山毛榉，黑樱桃，白色云杉，颤白杨，道格拉斯冷杉，黄松，和pinyon松。细颗粒物排放因子的总质量，有机，元素碳，离子物种，元素物种，包括钾，和超过250个单独的有机化合物进行了测定。这些数据旨在用于利用颗粒有机化合物作为特定示踪剂的分配研究，以确定环境细颗粒物的来源。纤维素热解产物左旋葡聚糖，甘露聚糖和半乳糖在每个木材烟雾研究进行了量化，它们作为分子示踪剂的纤维素燃烧的所有木材类型。从木质素和树脂酸中释放出的异丁二醇和愈创木酚型酚类化合物的释放速率的差异可以用来区分硬木和软木的烟雾排放。已知存在于白色橡树树皮中的三萜类化合物木栓酮，从白色橡树燃烧中大量排放，但在任何其他北美木材物种的排放物中没有发现。Friedelin可以潜在地用于追踪颗粒排放，追溯到特定的地理区域，其中白色橡木被用作木柴。这些结果，沿着与以前公布的数据从其他美国地区，提供了一套完整的排放因子的普遍存在的化学物质中发现的木材烟雾在整个美国。
Results are presented from a series of source tests on the fireplace combustion of 10 wood species found in the Midwestern and Western United States: white oak, sugar maple, black oak, American beech, black cherry, white spruce, quaking aspen, douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and pinyon pine. Fine particle emission factors for total mass, organic, and elemental carbon, ionic species, elemental species including potassium, and over 250 individual organic compounds were determined. The data are intended for use in apportionment studies that utilize particulate organic compounds as specific tracers to identify the sources of ambient fine particles. The cellulose pyrolysis products levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan were quantified in each of the wood smokes studied; they act as molecular tracers for cellulose from combustion of all wood types. Differences in the emission rates of syringol- and guaiacol-type phenolic compounds from lignin and of resin acids can be used to distinguish between hardwood and softwood smoke emissions. The triterpenoid, friedelin, known to be present in the bark of white oak, is emitted in significant quantities from white oak combustion, but was not found in the emissions from any other North American wood species. Friedelin can potentially be utilized to trace particulate emissions back to specific geographic regions where white oak is used for firewood. These results, along with previously published data from the other U.S. regions, provide a complete set of emission factors of the prevalent chemical species found in wood smoke throughout the United States.