Glyphosate exposure in pregnancy and shortened gestational length: a prospective Indiana birth cohort study
Glyphosate exposure in pregnancy and shortened gestational length: a prospective Indiana birth cohort study
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DOI：
10.1186/s12940-018-0367-0
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发表时间：
2018-03-09
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Winchester, P. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Parvez, S.;Gerona, R. R.;Winchester, P. D.
背景：草甘膦（GLY）是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂，但人类妊娠暴露的程度尚不清楚。它的残留物存在于环境、主要作物和包括孕妇在内的人类每天食用的食物中。由于妊娠期GLY暴露也可能增加胎儿暴露风险，我们设计了一项出生队列研究，以确定暴露频率、潜在暴露途径以及与胎儿生长指标和妊娠期长的关系。方法：对印第安纳州中部接受常规产前护理的71例单胎妊娠妇女进行尿液和生活饮用水取样。GLY测量采用液相色谱-串联质谱法。通过问卷调查获得有关食物和水的消耗、压力和居住的人口统计和调查信息。从医疗记录中提取产妇危险因素和新生儿结局。相关性分析用于评估尿GLY水平与胎儿生长指标和妊娠期长度的关系。结果：参与者平均年龄29岁，以白种人居多。93%的孕妇GLY水平高于检测限（0.1 ng/mL）。尿GLY平均值为3.40 ng/mL （0.5 ~ 7.20 ng/mL）。生活在农村地区的妇女（p = 0.02）和每天饮用含咖啡因饮料的妇女（p = 0.004）的GLY水平较高。所有饮用水样本均未检测到GLY水平。我们观察到与胎儿生长指标如出生体重百分位和头围没有相关性。然而，较高的GLY尿水平与缩短妊娠长度显著相关（r = -0.28, p = 0.02）。结论：这是第一个在美国孕妇中使用尿液标本作为暴露的直接测量的GLY暴露研究。我们发现90%的孕妇有可检测到的GLY水平，这些水平与缩短的妊娠期显著相关。虽然我们的研究队列是小而区域性的，并且种族/民族多样性有限，但它提供了母体GLY暴露的直接证据，并与缩短妊娠期有显著相关性。在这些发现可以推广之前，有必要在更地理和种族多样化的队列中进行进一步的调查。
Background: Glyphosate (GLY) is the most heavily used herbicide worldwide but the extent of exposure in human pregnancy remains unknown. Its residues are found in the environment, major crops, and food items that humans, including pregnant women, consume daily. Since GLY exposure in pregnancy may also increase fetal exposure risk, we designed a birth-cohort study to determine exposure frequency, potential exposure pathways, and associations with fetal growth indicators and pregnancy length.Method: Urine and residential drinking water samples were obtained from 71 women with singleton pregnancies living in Central Indiana while they received routine prenatal care. GLY measurements were performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Demographic and survey information relating to food and water consumption, stress, and residence were obtained by questionnaire. Maternal risk factors and neonatal outcomes were abstracted from medical records. Correlation analyses were used to assess relationships of urine GLY levels with fetal growth indicators and gestational length.Results: The mean age of participants was 29 years, and the majority were Caucasian. Ninety three percent of the pregnant women had GLY levels above the limit of detection (0.1 ng/mL). Mean urinary GLY was 3.40 ng/mL (range 0.5-7.20 ng/mL). Higher GLY levels were found in women who lived in rural areas (p = 0.02), and in those who consumed > 24 oz. of caffeinated beverages per day (p = 0.004). None of the drinking water samples had detectable GLY levels. We observed no correlations with fetal growth indicators such as birth weight percentile and head circumference. However, higher GLY urine levels were significantly correlated with shortened gestational lengths (r = -0.28, p = 0.02).Conclusions: This is the first study of GLY exposure in US pregnant women using urine specimens as a direct measure of exposure. We found that > 90% of pregnant women had detectable GLY levels and that these levels correlated significantly with shortened pregnancy lengths. Although our study cohort was small and regional and had limited racial/ethnic diversity, it provides direct evidence of maternal GLY exposure and a significant correlation with shortened pregnancy. Further investigations in a more geographically and racially diverse cohort would be necessary before these findings could be generalized.