Myopia development in childhood
Myopia development in childhood
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DOI：
10.1097/00006324-199708000-00021
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发表时间：
1997-08-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Zadnik, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zadnik, K
目的。奥林达近视纵向研究是一个为期 12 年的项目，旨在研究近视发病的预测因素、近视的根本病因以及学童的正常眼睛生长。方法。本文报告了 1989 年至 1993 年间参加 Orinda 近视纵向研究的儿童的所有眼部成分（散瞳屈光不正、角膜曲率、晶状体屈光力和眼轴尺寸）、父母近视史和近距离工作活动的所有测量结果。根据 1993 年的横断面研究数据，对父母近视史和儿童近距离工作之间的相互作用进行了分析。横截面和纵向数据显示，在6岁至14岁之间，屈光不正从低度远视到正视眼逐渐减少，角膜曲率没有变化，晶状体屈光力逐渐下降，晶状体变薄，眼睛伸长。父母的病史对预测近视的统计模型的影响比近距离工作的影响更大，但近距离工作也是一个重要因素。我们找不到父母史和附近工作之间统计相互作用的证据来解释近视的存在或不存在。结论。正视化过程明显表现为屈光不正逐渐减小、眼轴伸长以及晶状体屈光力代偿性减小。先天和后天因素在近视的病因中都发挥着重要作用，尽管最主要的作用似乎属于父母有近视的积极史。这一作用似乎并不是通过父母近视状况和孩子近距离工作活动之间的相互作用来实现的。
Purpose. The Orinda Longitudinal Study of Myopia is a 12-year project examining predictive factors for the onset of myopia, the underlying etiologies of myopia, and normal eye growth in school children. Methods. This paper reports on all measurements made of the ocular components (cycloplegic refractive error, corneal curvature, crystalline lens power, and axial ocular dimensions), parental history of myopia, and near work activity in children participating in the Orinda Longitudinal Study of Myopia between 1989 and 1993. An analysis of the interaction between parental history of myopia and children's near work is conducted on the cross-sectional study data from 1993, Results. The cross-sectional and longitudinal data show a gradual decrease in refractive error from low hyperopia toward emmetropia, no shift in corneal curvature, a gradual decrease in crystalline lens power, thinning of the crystalline lens, and elongation of the eye between the ages of 6 and 14 years. Parental history is more contributory to a statistical model predicting myopia than is near work, but near work is a significant factor as well. We can find no evidence of statistical interaction between parental history and near work in explaining the presence or absence of myopia. Conclusions. The emmetropization process is evident in the gradual decrease in refractive error toward emmetropia, the axial elongation of the eye, and the compensating decrease in crystalline lens power. Both nature and nurture play a role in the etiology of myopia, although the predominant role appears to belong to a positive parental history of myopia. This role does not appear to be through an interaction between parental myopia status and children's near work activity.