The Difference Uniforms Make: Collective Violence in Criminal Law and War
The Difference Uniforms Make: Collective Violence in Criminal Law and War
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制服的不同之处：刑法和战争中的集体暴力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Christopher Kutz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christopher Kutz
伊拉克战争和阿富汗战争把处理非制服战斗人员的问题摆在了首要和中心位置。他们还对诉诸军事暴力的合法性以及事后收拾残局的责任提出了深刻的核心问题。我在这里认为，不穿制服的战斗人员的特殊问题和为战争辩护的一般问题是密切相关的。我认为，战争不过是一种更普遍的形式：集体暴力。集体暴力对道德原则的应用提出了一系列特别的挑战。在接下来的文章中，我将指出我们应对集体暴力的两个主题之间的冲突。我把这些主题称为“灌输”和“开脱”。我用三个来自真实事件的故事来说明这些主题。
The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have put front and center the problem of dealing with non-uniformed combatants. They have also made central deep questions of the legitimacy of resorting to martial violence, and responsibility for picking up the pieces thereafter. I argue here that the special problem of non-uniformed combatants and the general problem of justifying war are profoundly linked. War, I shall argue, is but one form of a more general species: collective violence. Collective violence poses a particular set of challenges to the application of moral principles. In what follows, I identify a conflict between two themes in our response to collective violence. I call these themes of inculpation and exculpation. I illustrate these themes with three stories derived from actual events.