Modular assembly of genes and the evolution of new functions
Modular assembly of genes and the evolution of new functions
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1024182432483
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发表时间：
2003-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Patthy, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patthy, L
从现有基因中模块化组装新基因一直被认为是进化新奇的重要来源。由于基因组研究的重大进展，现在已经清楚的是，这种机制对不同进化谱系中新生物功能的进化做出了重大贡献。对完全测序的细菌、古细菌和真核生物基因组的分析表明，各种真核细胞内信号通路的新组分的模块化组装在真核生物的进化中发挥了重要作用。单细胞真核生物，多细胞植物和动物的基因组的比较也表明，多细胞性的进化伴随着许多新的细胞外基质蛋白和细胞外信号蛋白的组装，这些蛋白对多细胞性是绝对必要的。现在有强有力的证据表明，外显子改组发挥了普遍的作用，在组装的模块蛋白参与细胞外通信的后生动物。虽然这些蛋白质中的一些似乎是所有主要后生动物群体所共有的，但其他蛋白质仅限于某些进化谱系。脊索动物的基因组特征似乎有利于内含子重组，这一事实证明，外显子改组仍然是脊椎动物进化过程中进化新奇的主要来源。
Modular assembly of novel genes from existing genes has long been thought to be an important source of evolutionary novelty. Thanks to major advances in genomic studies it has now become clear that this mechanism contributed significantly to the evolution of novel biological functions in different evolutionary lineages. Analyses of completely sequenced bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic genomes has revealed that modular assembly of novel constituents of various eukaryotic intracellular signalling pathways played a major role in the evolution of eukaryotes. Comparison of the genomes of single-celled eukaryotes, multicellular plants and animals has also shown that the evolution of multicellularity was accompanied by the assembly of numerous novel extracellular matrix proteins and extracellular signalling proteins that are absolutely essential for multicellularity. There is now strong evidence that exon-shuffling played a general role in the assembly of the modular proteins involved in extracellular communications of metazoa. Although some of these proteins seem to be shared by all major groups of metazoa, others are restricted to certain evolutionary lineages. The genomic features of the chordates appear to have favoured intronic recombination as evidenced by the fact that exon-shuffling continued to be a major source of evolutionary novelty during vertebrate evolution.