From wild animals to domestic pets, an evolutionary view of domestication
From wild animals to domestic pets, an evolutionary view of domestication
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0901586106
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发表时间：
2009-06-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
O'Brien, Stephen J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Driscoll, Carlos A.;Macdonald, David W.;O'Brien, Stephen J.
人工选择是为了人类的目的而选择有利的自然变异，是大多数家养物种进化的机制。大多数驯养动物都起源于少数几个历史上的驯养中心之一。两个明显的例外是猫和狗。狼的驯化开始于中石器时代晚期，当时人类是游牧的狩猎采集者。这些狼不太害怕人类，它们会在游牧狩猎营地里四处觅食，随着时间的推移，它们逐渐发挥了效用，最初是作为守卫，警告靠近的动物或其他游牧部落，不久之后就成为猎人，这是一种经过人工选择调整的属性。第一只家猫的用途有限，并在近东最早的新石器时代农业定居点中开始了它们的驯化。野猫驯化发生在一个自我选择的过程中，行为生殖隔离演变为一个相关的字符，结合到城市环境的栖息地选择的竞争性交配。欧亚野猫开始了驯化，它们进化为伴侣动物最初是一个自然的过程，而不是人工的，随着时间的推移，在它们与祖先野猫的同域性过程中，选择被驱动。
Artificial selection is the selection of advantageous natural variation for human ends and is the mechanism by which most domestic species evolved. Most domesticates have their origin in one of a few historic centers of domestication as farm animals. Two notable exceptions are cats and dogs. Wolf domestication was initiated late in the Mesolithic when humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Those wolves less afraid of humans scavenged nomadic hunting camps and over time developed utility, initially as guards warning of approaching animals or other nomadic bands and soon thereafter as hunters, an attribute tuned by artificial selection. The first domestic cats had limited utility and initiated their domestication among the earliest agricultural Neolithic settlements in the Near East. Wildcat domestication occurred through a self-selective process in which behavioral reproductive isolation evolved as a correlated character of assortative mating coupled to habitat choice for urban environments. Eurasian wildcats initiated domestication and their evolution to companion animals was initially a process of natural, rather than artificial, selection over time driven during their sympatry with forbear wildcats.