Food intake survey of kindergarden children in Korea: Part3 cadmium and lead burden
Food intake survey of kindergarden children in Korea: Part3 cadmium and lead burden
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韩国幼儿园儿童食物摄入量调查：第3部分镉和铅负担
DOI：
10.1007/s12199-015-0467-1
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M Ikeda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T Watanabe;ES Kim;YS Ko;HR Yang;CS Moon;H Nakatsuka;S Shimbo;M Ikeda
目的本研究旨在阐明韩国儿童对镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）两种污染金属的膳食暴露程度。可能的城乡差异也examined.MethodsFood重复和晨斑尿样收集108名儿童在4所幼儿园（KG）（1公斤在首尔和3公斤在济州岛），在以前的出版物中报道。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对样品中的镉和铅进行分析。食物重复样品中Cd和Pb的几何平均值分别为12.4和5.8 μg/天，或0.58和0.27 μg/kg体重/天，尿中Cd和Pb的值（观察到，即，未校正尿密度）分别为0.91和1.64 μg/L。2.41镉和铅的日摄入量分别为0.30 μg和5.1 μ g，分别占19.5%和5.1%。在本次调查中的儿童中的镉和铅的负担水平基本上是相同的釜山儿童报告的水平。4所幼儿园中镉-D和镉-U排名差异的原因需要进一步研究。结论所观察到的镉和铅暴露水平与釜山儿童报告的水平大致相似。没有发现明显的城乡差别。
ObjectivesThis study was initiated to elucidate the extent of dietary exposure of children in Korea to two pollutant metals of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Possible urban–rural difference was also examined.MethodsFood duplicate and morning spot urine samples were collected from 108 children in 4 kindergartens (KG) (1 KG in Seoul and 3 KGs in Jeju Island), as reported in a previous publication. The samples were analyzed for Cd and Pb by ICP-MS.ResultsCd and Pb in food duplicate and urine samples were distributed approximately log-normally. Geometric means for Cd and Pb in food duplicate samples were 12.4 and 5.8 μg/day, or 0.58 and 0.27 μg/kg body weight/day, respectively, and the values for Cd and Pb in urine (as observed, i.e., with no correction for urine density) were 0.91 and 1.64 μg/L, respectively. 2.41 and 0.30 μg/day of Cd and Pb (accounting for 19.5 and 5.1 %) came from boiled rice, the staple food. The levels of Cd and Pb burden among the children in the present survey were essentially the same with the levels reported for children in Pusan. The reasons for difference in the rank in Cd-D and Cd-U among the 4 KGs need further study.ConclusionsThe observed levels of Cd and Pb exposure were more or less similar to what were reported for children in Pusan. No apparent urban–rural difference could be detected.