Lattice system of functionally distinct cell types in the neocortex
Lattice system of functionally distinct cell types in the neocortex
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aam6125
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发表时间：
2017-11-03
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Hosoya, Toshihiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maruoka, Hisato;Nakagawa, Nao;Hosoya, Toshihiko
哺乳动物的新皮质包含许多类型的细胞，但它们是否组织成重复的结构尚不清楚。我们发现，新皮质第5层的主要细胞类型在许多脑区形成了晶格结构。大规模的三维成像显示，不同类型的兴奋性和抑制性神经元形成了称为微柱的特定细胞类型的放射状簇。数以千计的微柱依次被图案化为六角形马赛克，镶嵌在新皮质的不同区域。微柱神经元在体内表现出同步的活动和视觉反应，具有相似的定向偏好和眼睛优势。在出生后早期，微柱通过特定细胞类型的缝隙连接连接，后来作为汇聚突触输入的枢纽。因此，第5层神经元组成了一个全脑的模块化系统，为皮质处理提供了一个模板。
The mammalian neocortex contains many cell types, but whether they organize into repeated structures has been unclear. We discovered that major cell types in neocortical layer 5 form a lattice structure in many brain areas. Large-scale three-dimensional imaging revealed that distinct types of excitatory and inhibitory neurons form cell type-specific radial clusters termed microcolumns. Thousands of microcolumns, in turn, are patterned into a hexagonal mosaic tessellating diverse regions of the neocortex. Microcolumn neurons demonstrate synchronized in vivo activity and visual responses with similar orientation preference and ocular dominance. In early postnatal development, microcolumns are coupled by cell type-specific gap junctions and later serve as hubs for convergent synaptic inputs. Thus, layer 5 neurons organize into a brainwide modular system, providing a template for cortical processing.