Phases of the hydrogen isotopes under pressure: metallic hydrogen
Phases of the hydrogen isotopes under pressure: metallic hydrogen
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DOI：
10.1080/23746149.2021.1961607
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Silvera;R. Dias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Silvera;R. Dias
氢是自然界中最简单的分子。凝聚态物理学的关键问题和挑战之一是理解氢的相、性质和结构作为压力和温度的函数。80多年前，维格纳和亨廷顿预测，如果固体分子氢被充分压缩，它将转变为原子金属。后来，第二条路径出现了;据预测，如果在压力下加热到高温，它会转化为液态原子氢;这种形式的金属氢占木星的90%。固体原子金属氢的高温超导性的预测刺激了实验界生产这种材料。几十年来，人们一直无法通过实验将氢转化为金属氢。最近，人们利用金刚石对顶砧，在约500万个大气压的压力下生产出了金属氢，这比地球中心的压力要大得多。液态原子金属氢已经在金刚石压砧室和动态实验中在几千开尔文的温度下产生。我们回顾了这种量子固体和金属的看似简单但实际上复杂的性质，以及为实现这一重要的基本结果而取得的数十年的发展和进步。图形摘要
ABSTRACT Hydrogen is the simplest molecule in nature. One of the key problems and challenges in condensed matter physics is to understand the phases, properties, and structure of hydrogen as a function of pressure and temperature. Over 80 years ago Wigner and Huntington predicted that if solid molecular hydrogen was sufficiently compressed, it would transform to an atomic metal. Later, a second pathway emerged; it was predicted that if heated to high temperatures under pressure it would transform to liquid atomic hydrogen; this form of metallic hydrogen makes up ~90% of the planet Jupiter. The prediction of high temperature superconductivity of solid atomic metallic hydrogen stimulated the experimental community to produce this material . For decades hydrogen defied the experimental efforts to transform it. Using diamond anvil cells, metallic hydrogen has recently been produced at a pressure of ~5 million atmospheres, significantly greater than the pressure at the center of the earth. Liquid atomic metallic hydrogen has been produced at temperatures of a few thousand degrees Kelvin in diamond anvil cells, as well as in dynamic experiments. We review the seemingly simple, but actually complex properties of this quantum solid and metal and the decades of development and progress to achieve this important fundamental result. Graphical abstract