Muscadine, Resveratrol (RSV) Synthesis, and the Nutritional Benefits to Humans and Plants
Muscadine, Resveratrol (RSV) Synthesis, and the Nutritional Benefits to Humans and Plants
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DOI：
10.1021/acsfoodscitech.2c00176
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发表时间：
2023-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jeffery A. Stewart;Karolina M. Pajerowska-Mukhtar;A. Bulger;D. Kambiranda;L. Nyochembeng;S. Mentreddy
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jeffery A. Stewart;Karolina M. Pajerowska-Mukhtar;A. Bulger;D. Kambiranda;L. Nyochembeng;S. Mentreddy
圆叶葡萄属，俗称圆叶葡萄，是美国东南部的一种原产葡萄。圆叶葡萄具有高度的抗虫害和耐旱性。这些特性被归因于一种叫做白藜芦醇（RSV）的植物抗毒素的更强大的生产，白藜芦醇是一种以其细胞保护特性而闻名的次级代谢产物。首先，RSV作为自由基的清除剂发挥作用，但也已知是合成其他抗氧化剂如谷胱甘肽（GSH）的刺激剂。已知RSV的合成受芪合酶（STS）的作用调节，许多STS基因被鉴定为其产生的可能调节因子。在植物中，RSV增强对压力、生长、损伤和疾病的免疫反应。类似地，在人类中，RSV发挥抗微生物和抗炎活性。已知它可以保护代谢疾病状态（如糖尿病）中的细胞，并显示出抑制阿尔茨海默病中的神经退化。由于圆叶葡萄不能与普通酿酒葡萄自然杂交，RSV的益处不能容易地渗入现有的栽培品种。因此，圆叶葡萄是分子育种的一个有前途的目标，可以增加植物中RSV的合成，最终目标是改善人类健康。本文探讨了圆叶葡萄的生物学，提供了一个广泛的背景上的生物化学和RSV合成的调节，并强调圆叶葡萄中的STS基因作为一个有前途的遗传工具来操纵RSV生产的植物。
Vitis rotundifolia, commonly known as the muscadine, is a native grape of the southeastern United States. Muscadine is highly pest resistant and drought tolerant. These properties have been attributed to the much more robust production of a phytoalexin called resveratrol (RSV)─a secondary metabolite known for its cellularly protective properties. Primarily, RSV functions as a scavenger of free radicals but is also known to be a stimulator in the synthesis of other antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH). RSV synthesis is known to be modulated by the actions of stilbene synthase (STS) with a host ofSTSgenes being identified as possible regulators of its production. In plants, RSV boosts immune responses to stress, growth, injury, and disease. Similarly, in humans, RSV exerts both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. It is known to protect cells in metabolic disease states such as diabetes and is shown to inhibit neural degradation in Alzheimer’s disease. Since muscadine grapevines cannot naturally hybridize with common wine grapes ofVitis vinifera, the RSV benefits cannot be readily introgressed into the existing cultivars. Thus, muscadine is a promising target for molecular breeding to increase the synthesis of RSV in plants with the ultimate goal of improving human health. This paper explores the biology of muscadine grapes, provides a broad background on the biochemistry and regulation of RSV synthesis, and highlights theSTSgenes in muscadine as a promising genetic tool to manipulate RSV production in plants.