What are the major correlates of macronutrient selection in Western populations?
What are the major correlates of macronutrient selection in Western populations?
复制标题
西方人群宏量营养素选择的主要相关因素是什么？
DOI：
10.1017/s0029665199001032
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
deCastro,JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
deCastro,JM
为了更好地了解可能影响和调节大量营养素碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质摄入的因素，采用7天饮食日记技术来研究自由生活的人类受试者在自然环境中的饮食行为。一般来说，促进能量摄入的因素往往比碳水化合物摄入更能促进脂肪和蛋白质的摄入。这种增加的摄入量是由于：环境因素，如社会促进和一天中的时间，一周或月相;主观因素，如饥饿和饥饿;个体差异因素，如肥胖，克制和衰老。有迹象表明，大量营养素的摄入是由负反馈系统调节的。在短期内，在进餐开始时胃中剩余的蛋白质量似乎对摄入量有抑制作用，特别是蛋白质的摄入量。在几天内，大量营养素的摄入似乎受到营养素特异性延迟负反馈的影响。1 d内的蛋白质摄入量与2 d和3 d后的蛋白质摄入量呈负相关，而碳水化合物摄入量与随后的碳水化合物摄入量呈负相关，脂肪摄入量与随后的脂肪摄入量呈负相关;两者均在2 d延迟后达到峰值。对双胞胎摄入量的研究表明，控制大量营养素摄入的许多方面都受到遗传的影响;这些因素包括摄入的总量，餐前胃内容物以及受试者对胃内容物负面影响的反应。结果表明，大量营养素的摄入量是由多个持久的过程，在很大程度上遗传。
In order to better understand the factors that may influence and regulate the intake of the macronutrients carbohydrate, fat and protein a 7 d diet diary technique was employed to study eating behaviour in the natural environment of free-living human subjects. In general, factors that promote energy intake tend to promote fat and protein intake to a greater extent than carbohydrate intake. This increased intake occurs as the result of: environmental factors such as social facilitation and the time of day, week or lunar phase; subjective factors such as hunger and elation; individual difference factors such as obesity, restraint and ageing. There are indications that the intake of macronutrients is regulated by negative feedback systems. In the short term, the amount of protein remaining in the stomach at the onset of a meal appears to have a restraining effect on intake, especially protein intake. Over several days, macronutrient intake appears to be affected by a nutrient-specific delayed negative feedback. Protein intake during 1 d is negatively associated with protein intake 2 and 3 d later, while carbohydrate intake is negatively related to later carbohydrate intake, and fat intake to later fat intake; both peaking after a 2 d delay. Studies of the intakes of twins suggested that many aspects of the control of macronutrient intake are influenced by inheritance; these factors include the overall amounts ingested, the before-meal stomach contents and the responsiveness of the subject to the negative impact of the stomach contents. The results indicate that macronutrient intakes are regulated by multiple persistent processes that are to a large extent inherited.