Crosscutting Social Circles: Testing a Macrostructural Theory of Intergroup Relations
Crosscutting Social Circles: Testing a Macrostructural Theory of Intergroup Relations
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DOI：
10.2307/2070884
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发表时间：
1984-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Blau;J. E. Schwartz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Blau;J. E. Schwartz
横切社交圈描述了一种群体之间关系的理论，并在美国125个最大的大都市地区测试了这一理论。重点放在社会结构对群体间关系的影响上。布劳和施瓦茨展示了角色关系如何受到人们在社会职位中的分配方式的影响。例如，一个社区的种族组成、劳动分工、种族异质性、收入不平等，或教育差异与收入差异的关系程度。布劳和施瓦茨通过考虑通婚等结构性条件的影响来检验他们的理论，通婚是族群关系的一种重要形式。作者推导了以前形成的群际关系理论的主要原理，并以更简单、更清晰的形式给出了它们。他们通过分析该理论预测社会结构如何影响美国大城市通婚的能力，对该理论的威力进行了实证检验。美国五分之三的人口居住在大城市。他们之所以选择城市，是因为一个小社区的人口分布可能会受到邻居之间随意联系的影响；在一个拥有数百万人口的城市里，如果人口分布也影响到配偶的选择，那就更具社会学意义了。与大多数强调共同价值观和共同规范等文化取向的含义的理论不同，这本书侧重于各种形式的不平等和异质性的重要性。作为为数不多的对理论含义进行大规模实证检验的书籍之一，《横切社交圈》就是一个典范。彼得·布劳的新序言回顾了这本书的起源和影响。它将对社会学家、心理学家和群体关系专家具有巨大的价值。
Crosscutting Social Circles describes a theory of groups' relations to each other, and tests the theory in the 125 largest metropolitan areas In the United States. The focus is on the Influence social structure exerts on intergroup relations. Blau and Schwartz show how role relations are influenced by how people are distributed among social positions. Examples are a community's racial composition, division of labor, ethnic heterogeneity, income Inequality, or the extent to which educational differences are related to income differences. Blau and Schwartz test their theory by considering its impact on such structural conditions as intermarriage, an important form of intergroup relations. The authors derive the main principles of previously formulated theories of intergroup relations and present them in simpler and clearer form. They empirically test the power of the theory by analyzing its ability to predict how social structure affects intermarriage in the largest American cities, where three-fifths of the American population live. They selected cities because population distribution of a small neighborhood might be affected by casual associations among neighbors; it is much more sociologically interesting if population distribution also affects mate selection in a city of millions. Unlike most theories that emphasize the implications of such cultural orientations as shared values and common norms, this volume focuses on the significance of various forms of inequality and heterogeneity. As one of the few books that supplies a large-scale empirical test of implications of a theory, Crosscutting Social Circles serves as a model. The new introduction by Peter Blau reviews the origins and impact of the book. It will be of immense value to sociologists, psychologists, and group relations specialists.