Anchored plasticity opens doors for selective inhibitor design in nitric oxide synthase.

Anchored plasticity opens doors for selective inhibitor design in nitric oxide synthase.
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DOI:
10.1038/nchembio.115
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发表时间:
2008-11
影响因子:
14.8
通讯作者:
Getzoff, Elizabeth D.
Getzoff, Elizabeth D.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Garcin, Elsa D.;Arvai, Andrew S.;Rosenfeld, Robin J.;Kroeger, Matt D.;Crane, Brian R.;Andersson, Gunilla;Andrews, Glen;Hamley, Peter J.;Mallinder, Philip R.;Nicholls, David J.;St-Gallay, Stephen A.;Tinker, Alan C.;Gensmantel, Nigel P.;Mete, Antonio;Cheshire, David R.;Connolly, Stephen;Stuehr, Dennis J.;Aberg, Anders;Wallace, Alan V.;Tainer, John A.;Getzoff, Elizabeth D.

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一氧化氮合酶(NOS)合成一氧化氮,一氧化氮是低水平血管扩张和神经传递的信号,高水平是一种防御性细胞毒素。所有三种NOS同工酶的高活性位点保守性阻碍了选择性NOS抑制剂的设计,以治疗炎症、关节炎、中风、感染性休克和癌症。我们的结构和诱变结果确定了同工酶特异性诱导配合结合模式,将一系列构象变化连接到一个新的特异性口袋。同工酶特异性的远端第二和第三壳残基三联体的可塑性调节不变的第一壳残基的构象变化,从而决定抑制剂的选择性。为了设计有效和选择性的NOS抑制剂,我们开发了锚定可塑性方法:将抑制剂核心锚定在保守的结合口袋中,然后将刚性的大体积取代基延伸到远程特异性口袋,根据柔性残基的构象变化可以访问。这种方法体现了设计选择性酶抑制剂的一般原则,克服了强活性位点保守性。
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes synthesize nitric oxide, a signal for vasodilatation and neurotransmission at low levels, and a defensive cytotoxin at higher levels. The high active-site conservation among all three NOS isozymes hinders the design of selective NOS inhibitors to treat inflammation, arthritis, stroke, septic shock, and cancer. Our structural and mutagenesis results identified an isozyme-specific induced-fit binding mode linking a cascade of conformational changes to a novel specificity pocket. Plasticity of an isozyme-specific triad of distant second- and third-shell residues modulates conformational changes of invariant first-shell residues to determine inhibitor selectivity. To design potent and selective NOS inhibitors, we developed the anchored plasticity approach: anchor an inhibitor core in a conserved binding pocket, then extend rigid bulky substituents towards remote specificity pockets, accessible upon conformational changes of flexible residues. This approach exemplifies general principles for the design of selective enzyme inhibitors that overcome strong active-site conservation.
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