A Large Survey of Croatian Wild Mammals for Giardia duodenalis Reveals a Low Prevalence and Limited Zoonotic Potential
A Large Survey of Croatian Wild Mammals for Giardia duodenalis Reveals a Low Prevalence and Limited Zoonotic Potential
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DOI：
10.1089/vbz.2010.0113
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Caccio, Simone M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beck, Relja;Sprong, Hein;Caccio, Simone M.
野生哺乳动物被认为是潜在的人畜共患贾第鞭毛虫寄生虫的重要来源，但令人惊讶的是，关于它们所携带的物种的实际流行率和遗传特性的信息很少。在克罗地亚进行了一项大规模的调查，收集了832份红鹿的粪便样本（马鹿，n = 374），梅花鹿（Capreolus capreolus，n = 21），野猪（野猪，n = 144），狐狸（狐狸，n = 66）、熊（熊，n = 19）、狼（狼，n = 127）、豺（金黄色犬，n = 8）和野兔（欧洲兔，n = 73）。使用荧光显微镜检查粪便样品中是否存在贾第虫包囊。观察到的患病率范围从低（红鹿1%，野猪1.7%，狐狸4.5%）到中等（狼10%，豺12.5%）到高（狍24%）。在熊和野兔中未观察到包囊。对显微镜下阳性样品进行聚合酶链反应以扩增小亚基核糖体基因、核糖体5.8S基因和两个侧翼内部转录序列以及磷酸丙糖异构酶基因的片段。序列分析表明G.反刍动物（基因型A1和A3）和食肉动物（基因型A1）中的Aestralis组合A。G.在这项研究中还检测到了贾第鞭毛虫组合B、C和D以及Giardia microti。这是第一次从分子上描述来自红鹿、狼和豺狼的寄生虫。这些数据表明，野生哺乳动物作为人畜共患G。虽然在森林动物和家养动物之间循环是可能的。
Wild mammals are considered an important source of potentially zoonotic Giardia duodenalis parasites, yet surprisingly little information is available on the actual prevalence and the genetic identity of the species they harbor. A large survey was conducted in Croatia by collecting 832 fecal samples from red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 374), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, n = 21), wild boars (Sus scrofa, n = 144), foxes (Vulpes vulpes, n = 66), bears (Ursus arctos, n = 19), wolves (Canis lupus, n = 127), jackals (Canis aureus, n = 8), and hares (Lepus europeus, n = 73). Fecal samples were tested for the presence of Giardia cysts using fluorescent microscopy. The observed prevalence ranged from low (1% in red deer, 1.7% in wild boars, and 4.5% in foxes) to moderate (10% in wolves and 12.5% in jackals) to high (24% in roe deer). No cysts were observed in bears and hares. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on microscopically positive samples to amplify fragments of the small subunit ribosomal gene, the ribosomal 5.8S gene and the two flanking internal transcribed sequences, and the triose phosphate isomerase gene. Sequence analysis showed a predominance of G. duodenalis assemblage A in both ruminants (genotypes A1 and A3) and carnivores (genotype A1). G. duodenalis assemblages B, C, and D, as well as Giardia microti, were also detected in this study. This is the first molecular description of the parasite from the red deer, the wolf, and the jackal. The data point to a minor role of wild mammals as reservoirs of zoonotic assemblages of G. duodenalis, albeit cycling between sylvatic and domestic animals is possible.