Cerebellar Direct Current Stimulation Enhances On-Line Motor Skill Acquisition through an Effect on Accuracy
Cerebellar Direct Current Stimulation Enhances On-Line Motor Skill Acquisition through an Effect on Accuracy
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2885-14.2015
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发表时间：
2015-02-18
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Celnik, Pablo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cantarero, Gabriela;Spampinato, Danny;Celnik, Pablo
在错误依赖学习过程中，小脑参与运动指令的更新。经颅直流电刺激(TDC)是一种非侵入性脑刺激，已被证明在运动适应任务中可以增加小脑的兴奋性和改善学习。尽管小脑参与已经在适应范式中得到了明确的证明，这是一种严重依赖错误依赖的运动学习机制的任务，但它在运动技能学习中的作用还没有完全理解，这一行为可能涉及错误依赖以及强化和策略机制。在这里，在人类中，我们提供了小脑tDCs来调节它在新的运动技能训练期间的活动，在3d的过程中，并评估了训练期间(在线效果)、两天之间(离线效果)和整体改善的收益。我们发现，在小脑上应用兴奋性阳极tdcs，相对于假刺激和阴极tdcs，特别是通过增加在线学习而不是离线学习，增加了技能学习。此外，阳极组较大的技能进步主要是通过错误率的降低而不是运动时间的变化来实现的。这些结果对于利用小脑TDCs作为一种干预手段来加速运动技能习得和提高运动技能准确性，以及加深我们对小脑功能的理解具有重要的意义。
The cerebellum is involved in the update of motor commands during error-dependent learning. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of noninvasive brain stimulation, has been shown to increase cerebellar excitability and improve learning in motor adaptation tasks. Although cerebellar involvement has been clearly demonstrated in adaptation paradigms, a type of task that heavily relies on error-dependent motor learning mechanisms, its role during motor skill learning, a behavior that likely involves errordependent as well as reinforcement and strategic mechanisms, is not completely understood. Here, in humans, we delivered cerebellar tDCS to modulate its activity during novel motor skill training over the course of 3 d and assessed gains during training (on-line effects), between days (off-line effects), and overall improvement. We found that excitatory anodal tDCS applied over the cerebellum increased skill learning relative to sham and cathodal tDCS specifically by increasing on-line rather than off-line learning. Moreover, the larger skill improvement in the anodal group was predominantly mediated by reductions in error rate rather than changes in movement time. These results have important implications for using cerebellar tDCS as an intervention to speed up motor skill acquisition and to improve motor skill accuracy, as well as to further our understanding of cerebellar function.