Voltage-gated calcium channels and their auxiliary subunits: physiology and pathophysiology and pharmacology.
Voltage-gated calcium channels and their auxiliary subunits: physiology and pathophysiology and pharmacology.
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DOI：
10.1113/jp272262
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dolphin AC
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作者：
Dolphin AC
电压门控钙通道在可兴奋细胞的许多生理过程中起着重要作用。钙通道有三个主要的亚类，由成孔α1亚基定义，即CaV1、CaV2和CaV3通道。对于电压门控钙通道的所有亚型，它们的门控特性是精确控制神经递质释放、肌肉收缩和细胞兴奋性以及许多其他过程的关键。对于CaV1和CaV2通道，它们到达细胞膜中所需目的地的能力、它们的活化和它们的生物物理性质的微调都受到与它们相关的辅助亚基的显著影响。此外，还有许多遗传性和获得性疾病涉及电压门控钙通道。本文将提供一个一般性的介绍，然后特别集中在辅助α2δ亚基在生理和病理过程中涉及钙通道的作用，并作为一个治疗目标。
Voltage‐gated calcium channels are essential players in many physiological processes in excitable cells. There are three main subdivisions of calcium channel, defined by the pore‐forming α1 subunit, the CaV1, CaV2 and CaV3 channels. For all the subtypes of voltage‐gated calcium channel, their gating properties are key for the precise control of neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction and cell excitability, among many other processes. For the CaV1 and CaV2 channels, their ability to reach their required destinations in the cell membrane, their activation and the fine tuning of their biophysical properties are all dramatically influenced by the auxiliary subunits that associate with them. Furthermore, there are many diseases, both genetic and acquired, involving voltage‐gated calcium channels. This review will provide a general introduction and then concentrate particularly on the role of auxiliary α2δ subunits in both physiological and pathological processes involving calcium channels, and as a therapeutic target.