UAV wildlife radiotelemetry: System and methods of localization
UAV wildlife radiotelemetry: System and methods of localization
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DOI：
10.1111/2041-210x.13261
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发表时间：
2019-08-07
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Flikkema, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shafer, Michael W.;Vega, Gabriel;Flikkema, Paul
大多数鸟类和蝙蝠物种无法携带将其位置发送到卫星的标签。鉴于这种通信所需的基本电力、负担沉重的质量准则和电池技术，这一制约因素使得有必要继续使用甚高频无线电信标。因此，应努力减轻其主要缺陷：检测范围，定位时间和定位精度。无线电遥测系统与无人驾驶飞行器的结合可大大提高从甚高频标签收集数据的能力。我们提出了一个无人机集成无线电遥测系统，依赖于开源硬件和软件。讨论了定位方法，包括信号处理、基于主元分析的方位估计、定位技术和试验结果。使用适用于蝙蝠和小鸟的低功率信标，测试表明，与低空飞行（最大射程超过1.4公里）相比，无人机无线电遥测系统（UAV-RT）的改进Vantage提供了更高的接收信号功率。定位方法的飞行测试表明，方位误差的中位数在2.3度和6.8度之间，定位误差在距离标签的5%和14%之间。与经验丰富的无线电遥测用户相比，UAV-RT系统提供的方位和定位估计误差减少了53%。本文介绍了UAV-RT系统的核心功能和使用方法，同时给出了基线定位性能指标。一个相关的网站提供了组装和软件安装的计划。UAV-RT用于标签检测的方法将在未来的工作中进一步发展。对于检测和定位问题，飞行资产的移动性大大降低了跟踪器的时间要求。一个7分钟的飞行将足以收集五个等距轴承估计超过1公里的样带。在UAV-RT系统上使用软件定义的无线电将允许同时检测和定位多个标签。
The majority of bird and bat species are incapable of carrying tags that transmit their position to satellites. Given fundamental power requirements for such communication, burdened mass guidelines and battery technology, this constraint necessitates the continued use of very high frequency (VHF) radio beacons. As such, efforts should be made to mitigate their primary deficiencies: detection range, localization time and localization accuracy. The integration of a radiotelemetry system with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) could significantly improve the capacity for data collection from VHF tags. We present a UAV-integrated radiotelemetry system that relies on open source hardware and software. Localization methods, including signal processing, bearing estimation based on principal component analysis, localization techniques and test results, are discussed. Using a low-power beacon applicable for bats and small birds, testing showed that the improved vantage of the UAV-radiotelemetry system (UAV-RT) provided significantly higher received signal power compared to the low-level flights (maximum range beyond 1.4 km). Flight testing of localization methods showed median bearing errors between 2.3 degrees and 6.8 degrees, with localization errors of between 5% and 14% of the distance to the tag. In a direct comparison to an experienced radiotelemetry user, the UAV-RT system provided bearing and localization estimates with 53% less error. This paper introduces the core functionality and use methods of the UAV-RT system, while presenting baseline localization performance metrics. An associated website hosts plans for assembly and software installation. The methods of UAV-RT use for tag detection will be further developed in future works. For both the detection and localization problems, the mobility of a flying asset drastically reduces tracker time requirements. A 7-min flight would be sufficient to collect five equally spaced bearing estimates over a 1-km transect. The use of a software-defined radio on the UAV-RT system will allow for the simultaneous detection and localization of multiple tags.