Diversity, origins and virulence of Avipoxviruses in Hawaiian forest birds
Diversity, origins and virulence of Avipoxviruses in Hawaiian forest birds
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DOI：
10.1007/s10592-007-9346-7
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Atkinson, Carter T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jarvi, Susan I.;Triglia, Dennis;Atkinson, Carter T.
我们培养禽痘（Avipoxvirus spp.）从代表三个鸟类目的15种本地或非本地鸟类在夏威夷群岛的夏威夷、毛伊岛、莫洛卡岛和奥帕提亚收集的病变中。编码病毒4b核心多肽的基因的538 bp片段的系统发育分析揭示了两个不同的变体簇，与来自鸡（鸡痘）的序列形成第三个不同的基础簇。来自这两个集群之一的痘分离株似乎与金丝雀痘和其他雀形目痘病毒密切相关，而第二个似乎更特异于夏威夷。根据对来自4只个体的多个克隆的评价，没有证据表明禽类同时感染多种痘病毒变体。没有观察到明显的时间或地理关联，严格的主机特异性是不明显的4b定义的外地分离物。我们从1900年在夏威夷岛收集的Elepaio（Chasiempis michensis）中扩增了一个116 bp的4b核心蛋白基因片段，该片段与两个变体中的第二个紧密聚类，表明该变体在夏威夷至少有100年的历史。在三个4b簇之间检测到的高变异为多个可能独立的引入提供了证据，并且不支持通过引入受感染的家禽感染本地物种的假设。在夏威夷本地人（Hemignathus virens）中的初步实验感染表明，4b定义的变体可能在生物学上是不同的，其中一个变体似乎更具毒性。这些痘病毒可能通过调节宿主免疫反应与夏威夷森林鸟类种群中引入的另一种病原体禽疟疾（残留疟原虫）相互作用。
We cultured avian pox (Avipoxvirus spp.) from lesions collected on Hawai'i, Maui, Moloka'i, and 'Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands from 15 native or non-native birds representing three avian orders. Phylogenetic analysis of a 538 bp fragment of the gene encoding the virus 4b core polypeptide revealed two distinct variant clusters, with sequences from chickens (fowlpox) forming a third distinct basal cluster. Pox isolates from one of these two clusters appear closely related to canarypox and other passerine pox viruses, while the second appears more specific to Hawai'i. There was no evidence that birds were infected simultaneously with multiple pox virus variants based on evaluation of multiples clones from four individuals. No obvious temporal or geographic associations were observed and strict host specificity was not apparent among the 4b-defined field isolates. We amplified a 116 bp 4b core protein gene fragment from an 'Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) collected in 1900 on Hawai'i Island that clustered closely with the second of the two variants, suggesting that this variant has been in Hawai'i for at least 100 years. The high variation detected between the three 4b clusters provides evidence for multiple, likely independent introductions, and does not support the hypothesis of infection of native species through introduction of infected fowl. Preliminary experimental infections in native Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) suggest that the 4b-defined variants may be biologically distinct, with one variant appearing more virulent. These pox viruses may interact with avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum), another introduced pathogen in Hawaiian forest bird populations, through modulation of host immune responses.