Perchlorate in Water Supplies: Sources, Exposures, and Health Effects.
Perchlorate in Water Supplies: Sources, Exposures, and Health Effects.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40572-016-0087-y
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Steinmaus CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steinmaus CM
高氯酸盐暴露是由于摄入食物或水中的天然或人造高氯酸盐而发生的。高氯酸盐用于多种工业产品，包括导弹燃料、烟花和化肥，许多地区都发生了饮用水供应的工业污染。高氯酸盐会阻碍甲状腺吸收碘，并减少甲状腺激素的产生，甲状腺激素是新陈代谢、神经发育和其他生理功能的关键激素。职业和临床剂量研究尚未发现明显的不良反应，但可能受到样本量小、研究持续时间短以及主要纳入健康成年人的限制。越来越多的证据表明，幼儿、孕妇、胎儿和同时接触类似作用物质的人可能特别容易受到高氯酸盐的影响。鉴于高氯酸盐暴露的普遍性以及甲状腺激素对大脑发育的重要性，研究高氯酸盐对人类健康的影响可能会对公共卫生产生深远的影响。
Perchlorate exposure occurs from ingestion of natural or manmade perchlorate in food or water. Perchlorate is used in a variety of industrial products including missile fuel, fireworks, and fertilizers, and industrial contamination of drinking water supplies has occurred in a number of areas. Perchlorate blocks iodide uptake into the thyroid, and decreases the production of thyroid hormone, a critical hormone for metabolism, neurodevelopment, and other physiologic functions. Occupational and clinical dosing studies have not identified clear adverse effects, but may be limited by small sample sizes, short study durations, and the inclusion of mostly healthy adults. Expanding evidence suggests that young children, pregnant women, fetuses, and people co-exposed to similarly acting agents may be especially susceptible to perchlorate. Given the ubiquitous nature of perchlorate exposure, and the importance of thyroid hormone for brain development, studying the impact of perchlorate on human health could have far-reaching public health implications.